AnswersCrowley Original Credit Chemistry BThe Nucleus

The Nucleus Answers

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A scientist is trying to determine whether a certain substance is radioactive. Which question would be most helpful to ask?

A
Does the substance have a positive electric charge or a negative electric charge?
B
Can the substance be used to generate electricity in a power plant?
C
Do the atoms that make up the substance have nuclei that split apart over time?
D
Do the nuclei of the substance’s atoms contain more neutrons than protons?
2
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An example of a radioactive isotope is

A
carbon-12.
B
carbon-14.
C
neon-20.
D
neon-22.
3

What does a strong nuclear force do in an atom?

A
It repels electrons from other electrons.
B
It repels protons from other protons.
C
It attracts protons and neutrons.
D
It attracts protons and electrons.
4

What is the nuclear binding energy of an atom that has a mass defect of 5.0446 10–29 kg? Use E = mc2. (Remember: The speed of light is approximately 3.00 108 m/s.)

Question illustration
A
5.61 10–46 J
Option A
B
1.51 10–20 J
Option B
C
4.54 10–12 J
Option C
D
1.78 1045 J
Option D
5

These statements describe three different reactions. 1 - An atom shares electrons with another atom. 2 - The nucleus of an atom is split apart. 3 - An atom gains an electron from another atom. Which reaction(s) most likely release the greatest amount of energy?

A
1
B
2
C
1 and 3
D
2 and 3
6

The nuclei of most atoms contain multiple protons. Each proton has a positive charge. If objects that have like charges repel each other, why do the protons in the nuclei of most atoms not fly apart?

A
The charges of protons and neutrons cancel each other out.
B
Electrons outside the nucleus push on protons.
C
A strong nuclear force between an atom’s protons and neutrons holds together the atom’s nucleus.
D
Protons experience a more powerful attraction to the negatively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus.
7

In reaction A, each sodium atom gives one electron to a chlorine atom. In reaction B, an isotope of oxygen decays to form an isotope of nitrogen. Which statement best describes the energy that is released per gram by these reactions?

A
Reaction A releases more energy than reaction B releases.
B
Reaction B releases more energy than reaction A releases.
C
Reaction A and reaction B release equal amounts of energy.
D
Neither reaction A nor reaction B releases energy.
8

In the following atomic model, where does the strong nuclear force happen?

Question illustration
A
outside A
B
between A and B
C
between B and C
D
inside C
9

Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?

A
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
B
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
C
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
D
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
10

Which answer choice best explains why uranium-238 can be used in power plants to generate electricity?

A
Nuclides of uranium-238 decay over time. They release large amounts of energy as their nuclei break apart.
B
Nuclides of uranium-238 are extremely stable. They can absorb large amounts of energy without breaking apart, so they rarely need to be replaced.
C
Because atoms of uranium-238 have many more electrons than protons, they release steady streams of electric current.
D
Because atoms of uranium-238 have many more protons than neutrons, they attract large numbers of electrons from the surrounding environment.

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The Nucleus Answers — Crowley Original Credit…