AnswersNew Mexico HistoryTheme 1: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Its Impact on New Mexico

Theme 1: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Its Impact on New Mexico — Test Answers

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1
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What is one way the loss of sacred land impacted Pueblo communities?

A
They were forced to farm on land owned by Hispano settlers.
B
They were no longer allowed to use irrigation from acequias.
C
They had to move their sacred dances into US government buildings.
D
They lost access to traditional gathering places and religious ceremonies.
2
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What was one reason Mexican families lost land in New Mexico after the treaty?

A
lack of interest in maintaining their land under US laws
B
natural disasters that destroyed records of ownership
C
the removal of Article X protections by the US Senate
D
pressure from Indigenous groups reclaiming their territories
3

What made US courts different from Spanish and Mexican courts when handling land grants?

A
US courts mostly recognized only individual, not communal, ownership
B
US courts often accepted oral agreements with strong community support
C
US courts gave priority to land claims made by US citizens over others
D
US courts required written documents to prove land ownership
4

Match each article of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with its focus.

Answer:

citizenship and property rights|cultural and legal protections|land grant recognition

5

What role did acequias play in traditional Hispano communities?

A
They were water trade routes between towns.
B
They were individual wells used by ranchers.
C
They were community-managed irrigation systems.
D
They were government-built water towers.
6

Which map correctly shows all of the territory gained as a result of the Mexican Cession?

A
Map C Image with description A map showing Mexico and the US with modern-day California, Utah, and Nevada, plus parts of present-day Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, and New Mexico shaded.
B
Map A Image with description A map showing Mexico and the US with the region between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River shaded.
C
Map B Image with description A map showing Mexico and the US with modern-day Texas, plus parts of present-day Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming, shaded.
D
Map D Image with description A map showing Mexico and the US with Mexico, modern-day California, Utah, and Nevada, plus parts of present-day Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, and New Mexico shaded.
7

What was the most significant land-related outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A
Mexico regained its control over Texas.
B
The US acquired over 500,000 square miles of land.
C
The Rio Grande became the eastern border of the US
D
The US gave Mexico financial assistance to maintain control over California.
8

What effect did the removal of Article X have on the social structure of New Mexican communities?

A
It weakened traditional leadership as landowners lost influence and property.
B
It improved cooperation between Hispanic and Anglo landowners.
C
It strengthened village councils by giving them authority in court decisions.
D
It protected families by providing extra legal support for land claims.
9

What role did language play in New Mexico's governance after the treaty?

A
Spanish and English were both used equally in government operations.
B
Spanish was required to be used in all legal documents.
C
Indigenous languages were integrated into the legal system.
D
English was prioritized for legal and government proceedings.
10

What happened to the Atrisco Land Grant after US annexation?

A
It was expanded and redistributed to Hispanic families.
B
It was protected by the US and kept as a historical site.
C
It became a reservation for displaced Indigenous people.
D
It was sold off in parts due to court costs and lack of proof.
11

What social changes occurred in New Mexico after it became a US territory?

A
Hispanic leaders developed greater influence over local politics.
B
Anglo-American settlers gained economic and political power.
C
US officials embraced all Mexican and Spanish cultural traditions.
D
Indigenous traditions were officially recognized and preserved.
12

What political change occurred as New Mexico transitioned to US governance?

A
Local Hispanic leaders became representatives to US Congress.
B
Political offices were reserved for Indigenous leaders.
C
Anglo-Americans were placed in political leadership roles.
D
New Mexico was given equal representation as a state.
13

How did the loss of land affect the economic lives of Indigenous and Hispanic communities in New Mexico?

A
It encouraged large-scale factory work instead of farming.
B
It led to major growth in shipping and trade businesses.
C
It made it easier for communities to invest in railroads.
D
It reduced access to resources needed for farming and herding.
14

What promise did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo make to Mexican citizens living in the ceded territories?

A
They were required to adopt US cultural practices and laws.
B
They could relocate to any part of Mexico with financial compensation.
C
they would retain full ownership of their land and property
D
they would receive additional land in exchange for their loyalty to the US
15

How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo contribute to US expansion?

A
The US agreed to repay Mexico's war debt to Europe.
B
The US gave loans to Mexican citizens in the new territories.
C
The US promised to invest in rebuilding Mexico's infrastructure.
D
The US paid Mexico $15 million for the ceded land.
16

Why did President Polk threaten to end peace talks with Mexico?

A
He opposed keeping Article X in the treaty.
B
He demanded that more land be added to the treaty.
C
He wanted Mexico to pay for war damages.
D
He feared Mexico would reclaim Texas.
17

Why were some land grants made to Pueblo communities?

A
to support their farming and maintain cultural traditions
B
to encourage them to adopt new farming methods
C
to make it easier to move them to larger towns
D
to reward leaders who supported US expansion
18

What economic change occurred in New Mexico after the treaty?

A
Indigenous groups gained economic power.
B
Trade routes shifted under US control.
C
Hispanic landowners influenced tax reform.
D
The region became less important for trade.
19

Why was the Court of Private Land Claims created in 1891?

A
to return land taken during the Spanish-American War
B
to punish landowners who could not farm their land
C
to build railroads across former Indigenous territories
D
to review disputed land grants from the Spanish and Mexican periods
20

What system of governance replaced the Mexican legal system in New Mexico after the treaty?

A
a military government led by US generals
B
a territorial system under US law, including governors and courts
C
a hybrid system combining US and Mexican laws
D
a decentralized system where local leaders retained power

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