Topic Test Answers

Reinforcement is used to __________ behavior.A.discourage B.encourage C.extinguish D.understand

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Francis enjoys spending time with his girlfriend, Carla. Carla will often eat a large number of grilled onions before spending time with Francis. One day, Francis walks by a hot dog stand and smells some fresh grilled onions. Suddenly, Francis has a great desire to see Carla.What is the neutral stimulus (NS) in this scenario?A.spending time with CarlaB.a hot dog standC.grilled onionsD.spending time with Francis

Which of the following is typically a result of learning? A.loss of hair and baldingB.diminishment of visionC.improvement in coordinationD.increase in muscle density

Which operant conditioning process must researchers use to encourage closer and closer approximations of a target behavior?A.stimulus generalizationB.acquisitionC.extinctionD.shaping

The process of discrimination allows one to react in different ways to similar stimuli.

Which behavior is a learned behavior? A. baby sea turtles moving from land to sea B. dog responding to owner's command C. knee jerk reaction when tested by a doctor D. being startled at a loud noise Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Duke is practicing his spelling in the classroom. Duke is going to receive reinforcement after six demonstrations of the target behavior, which is spelling a word correctly. Which of the following statements is true?A.Duke is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.B.Duke is on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.C.Duke is on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.D.Duke is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following psychologists is most closely identified with operant conditioning?A.Sigmund FreudB.John B. WatsonC.B. F. SkinnerD.Ivan Pavlov

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Glen is attempting to use operant conditioning to train his dog, Thor, to fetch a ball upon command. To test Thor’s understanding, Glen throws the ball and yells, “Pineapple!” Thor does not fetch the ball.Which process of operant conditioning has Thor demonstrated?A.stimuli optimizationB.stimuli discriminationC.stimuli extinctionD.stimuli generalization

All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. A.shynessB.blinkingC.biting one’s nailsD.angry responses

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned response acts as an unconditioned response.

Receiving an electrical shock when you forget to turn off the power before working on an electrical socket is an example of a negative punishment. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

All behaviors occur only after conscious thought.

According to research, the most powerful reinforcement technique in conditioning is __________. A. extinction B. negative reinforcement C. positive reinforcement D. punishment Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Sneezing is an example of a learned behavior.

The fact that older locusts use less energy to fly than younger locusts suggests that __________. A.younger locusts are incapable of flying efficientlyB.efficient flying is an innate behavior that is only apparent in some locustsC.the older locusts have learned a more efficient way to flyD.flying is a learned behavior that the younger locusts must practice

All of the following factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcement in operant conditioning except __________. A.timingB.extinctionC.magnitudeD.shaping

The law of effect states that when a behavior is rewarded, which of the following is most likely to occur?A.The behavior will be neither more or less likely to be repeated.B.The behavior will be less likely to be repeated.C.The behavior will be repeated a set number of times.D.The behavior will be more likely to be repeated.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Edward spends a lot of time studying for his exams. He usually takes practice exams when he studies. During his study time, he drinks a lot of soda and coffee. When he takes his actual exams in class, he is frequently bothered by a strong urge to have soda or coffee. What is the conditioned response (CR) in this scenario? A. spending time studying B. taking practice exams C. craving soda and coffee D. drinking soda and coffee Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Lighting a fire on a cold night to get warm is an example of a positive reinforcement.