Topic Test Answers

All of the following are environmental factors that affect human development except __________.A.chromosomesB.healthy eating habitsC.economicsD.living conditions

Kohlberg believed that human moral development is strongly based on the fact that we all have a desire for justice and a(n) __________.A.impartiality for fairnessB.concern with conflicting responsibilitiesC.tendency to engage in perspective takingD.concern with competing rights

The goodness of fit is when caregivers recognize their child’s temperament and work with it in order to raise a well-adjusted child.

Although heredity lays down the __________ of who we are, environment helps build who we will become. A.buildingB.stabilityC.foundationD.nature

A caregiver who makes few demands of one’s children and is not responsive or nurturing is displaying __________ parenting.A.authoritarianB.uninvolvedC.authoritativeD.permissive

__________ is an important factor in the process of maturation because it provides a biological framework of how much one is capable of accomplishing.A.TimingB.InteractionC.EnvironmentD.Heredity

Which of the following statements does not represent assumptions that stage theories share?A.Each stage builds on the knowledge of the previous stage.B.Each stage corresponds to a specific age. C.A child can pass through the stages in any order. D.Each stage is qualitatively different than the next.

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development best represents a stage theory of development.

__________ are agents in the __________ that can reach the fetus through the mother and cause harm.A.Spermicides . . . bloodstreamB.Abruptio placentae . . . placentaC.Teratogens . . . environmentD.Proteins . . . bloodstream

Which of the following occurs during the embryonic stage?A.The zygote implants itself in the uterine wall. B.The fetus reaches full term and is ready to be born. C.The vital organs and bodily systems begin to form. D.The fetus’ footprints and fingerprints begin to form.

Piaget believed that language helped foster cognitive development.

Vygotsky believed that learning primarily occurred through __________.A.schemas formed from one’s experiencesB.one’s experiences with the environmentC.one’s social interactions with othersD.use of symbolism through experience

The average ages at which an individual displays certain abilities are known as __________. A. developmental norms B. process of maturation C. percentile D. proximodistal trend Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development emphasizes that development occurs by overcoming an emotional crisis in each of the eight stages of one’s lifetime.

One who believes that wrong behavior is the behaviors that are punished is in the ___________ of moral reasoning. A. unconventional B. postconventional C. preconventional D. conventional Please select the best answer from the choices provided

__________ who have been raised apart are typically more similar in intelligence level than biological siblings raised together because they have been born with the same genetic code.A.Male siblingsB.Adopted siblingsC.Identical twins D.Fraternal twins

The __________ stage is the third stage of development and lasts from two months through birth. A.embryonic B.fetal C.prenatal D.germinal

In which prenatal stage is a fetus' genitalia clearly male or female? A. zygote stage B. germinal stage C. embryonic stage D. fetal stage Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Which of the following choices is an accurate example of how the use of cultural tools is important in the development of one’s cognitive developmental process? A. For the development of language skills, it is helpful to use symbolism in forming words to match mental pictures. B. Categorizing shades of blue from shades of purple helps one to make accurate concept formations. C. The use of an abacus to solve a mathematical equation is useful in helping the brain form a mental picture of the problem. D. Using cultural tools frequently causes connections in the brain’s nerve endings to strengthen. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

The __________ approach to moral development consists of identifying different ways one can behave in situations that will benefit oneself without harming others. A. virtue B. rights C. neo-Kohlbergian D. utilitarian Please select the best answer from the choices provided