Topic Test Answers

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21
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Critics claim that genetic researchers overestimate which of the following? Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
environmental influences on personality
B
genetic influences on personality
C
cognitive influences on personality
D
evolutionary influences on personality
22
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One support of the behavioral perspective is how B. F. Skinner’s ideas have brought to light how the __________ and __________ influence personality.

A
subconscious . . . conscious
B
environment . . . learning
C
environment . . . subconscious
D
subconscious . . . learning
26

The parenting style that can be described as firm and flexible is called __________.

A
permissive
B
authoritative
C
authoritarian
D
brick wall
27

Evidence supporting the humanistic perspective is easily measured. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
28

Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism are three higher-order traits that make up Eysenck’s higher-order traits. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
29

The term parenting style can be described as the way in which one interacts with, sets limits for, and provides guidance to children. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
30

If one’s perception of self is close to what is personally experienced, it is called __________.

A
incongruence
B
anxiety
C
congruence
D
humanism
31

The authoritarian parent can be described as __________ and __________.

A
unloving . . . abusive
B
firm . . . flexible
C
lenient . . . inconsistent
D
restrictive . . . controlling
32

Trait theorists are generally more interested in __________ rather than __________. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
assessing abnormal behavior. . . explaining why behavior occurs
B
explaining why behavior occurs . . . predicting behavioral patterns
C
assessing abnormal behavior . . . describing patterns of behavior
D
describing patterns of behavior . . . explaining why behavior occurs
33

In the Minnesota Twin Study, identical twins reared apart had more similar personalities than fraternal twins reared together. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
34

The hierarchy of traits is a structured progression of personality that begins with a few higher-order traits that result in several lower-order traits, determining a person’s response in a specific situation.

A
T
B
F
35

A study conducted on __________ found issues such as consistent low reliability and poor validity.

A
personality assessments
B
projective tests
C
self-inventory tests
D
source errors
36

__________ is the source error that can be avoided by locating questions sensitive to bias and changing or dropping them.

A
Response set
B
Deliberate bias
C
Social desirability
D
Response bias
37

Twin studies conducted to assess the impact of environment on personality revealed all of the following except __________.

A
heredity has minimal effects on one's personality
B
environment appears to influence personality more than heredity
C
a large part of one's personality appears to be influenced by genetics
D
environmental influences do not significantly appear to influence one's personality
38

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an organized progression from one’s most basic needs to less basic or discrete needs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
39

Freud believes that defense mechanisms are reactions people have to protect themselves from uncomfortable feelings. The article “High on Anxiety” suggests that some people want to feel __________ instead of calm because that’s the feeling they’re used to operating under.

A
anxious
B
happy
C
excited
D
angry
40

Kevin dislikes his teacher; therefore, Kevin thinks his teacher dislikes him.Which of the following defense mechanisms best represents this scenario?

A
identification
B
repression
C
displacement
D
projection

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