Topic Test Answers

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41
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_________ and __________ both include the idea of the unconscious in their theories, where one refers to it as the unconscious and the other refers to it as the personal unconscious.

A
Alfred Adler . . . Carl Jung
B
Sigmund Freud . . . Alfred Adler
C
Carl Jung . . . Albert Ellis
D
Sigmund Freud . . . Carl Jung
42
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Studies on the effectiveness of the Big Five state that there is no correlation between one’s personality traits and other attributes of one’s personality.

A
T
B
F
43

_________ is a well-known evolutionary theorist who claims that the Big Five personality traits were passed down through generations.

A
Abraham Maslow
B
Carl Rogers
C
David Buss
D
Hans Eysenck
44

Self-report inventories and projective tests are examples of personality assessments.

A
T
B
F
45

Hans Eysenck claimed all of the following except ___________.

A
personality is influenced by one's genetic predisposition
B
personality is influenced by conditioned behaviors
C
neuroticism is a basic trait that influences behavior
D
personality is influenced by biological factors
46

According to Bandura, if someone is confident in performing a task, they most likely have __________ in regard to that particular task.

A
high self-efficacy
B
low self-efficacy
C
high behaviorism
D
low behaviorism
47

The optimistic view of human nature held by supporters of the humanistic perspective led to more positive views of human nature throughout the field of psychology.

A
T
B
F
48

Psychologist __________ believed that behaviors were learned through positive and negative consequences.

A
Albert Bandura B.
B
F. Skinner
C
Sigmund Freud
D
Carl Rogers
49

A Freudian slip is a speech or hearing error that Freud claimed revealed someone’s __________.

A
conscious thoughts
B
psychosexual urges
C
unconscious thoughts
D
unconcscious habits
50

One support of the behavioral perspective is that it is backed by strong and extensive research.

A
T
B
F
51

MMPI self-inventory tests were originally used to diagnose disorders.

A
T
B
F
52

Which statement about identical twins and fraternal twins is correct in regards to DNA?

A
Identical twins have different DNA, and fraternal twins have different DNA.
B
Fraternal twins share the exact same DNA, but identical twins do not.
C
Identical twins and fraternal twins share the exact same DNA.
D
Identical twins share the exact same DNA, but fraternal twins do not.
53

According to the article “Self-Concept,” those who do not have self-worth also tend to have high self-esteem. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
54

One characteristic of personality traits is that they __________.

A
cannot be classified
B
cannot be defined
C
are fairly stable
D
are unstable
55

According to Gordon Allport, __________ traits are common personality traits found in most people.

A
primary
B
central
C
cardinal
D
secondary
56

According to the Big Five, a person who can be described as disciplined, punctual, and organized most likely scored high in __________.

A
extraversion
B
neuroticism
C
agreeableness
D
conscientiousness
57

Research indicates that if models meet any of the following conditions except __________, individuals are more likely to imitate the observed behaviors. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
being respected by the observer
B
being viewed as powerful
C
being different from the observer
D
being viewed as attractive
58

Hans Eysenck makes a connection between __________ and __________in explaining personality development.

A
genetic factors . . . conditioning
B
childhood experiences . . . internal drives
C
internal drives . . . conditioning
D
genetic factors . . . childhood experiences
59

Jonathan was usually energetic and loud when playing a game of basketball, but at home his family would describe him as reserved and calm. The best possible explanation for the difference in behavior is __________.

A
trait perspective
B
personality abnormality
C
trait expression
D
personality type
60

The __________ is the moral component of personality that has an internalized sense of right and wrong.

A
conscious
B
ego
C
id
D
superego

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