Topic Test Answers

The process of discrimination allows one to react in different ways to similar stimuli.

Reinforcement is used to __________ behavior.A.discourage B.encourage C.extinguish D.understand

Which operant conditioning process must researchers use to encourage closer and closer approximations of a target behavior?A.stimulus generalizationB.acquisitionC.extinctionD.shaping

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Francis enjoys spending time with his girlfriend, Carla. Carla will often eat a large number of grilled onions before spending time with Francis. One day, Francis walks by a hot dog stand and smells some fresh grilled onions. Suddenly, Francis has a great desire to see Carla.What is the neutral stimulus (NS) in this scenario?A.spending time with CarlaB.a hot dog standC.grilled onionsD.spending time with Francis

Which of the following psychologists is most closely identified with operant conditioning?A.Sigmund FreudB.John B. WatsonC.B. F. SkinnerD.Ivan Pavlov

Which behavior is a learned behavior? A. baby sea turtles moving from land to sea B. dog responding to owner's command C. knee jerk reaction when tested by a doctor D. being startled at a loud noise Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Which of the following is typically a result of learning? A.loss of hair and baldingB.diminishment of visionC.improvement in coordinationD.increase in muscle density

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Duke is practicing his spelling in the classroom. Duke is going to receive reinforcement after six demonstrations of the target behavior, which is spelling a word correctly. Which of the following statements is true?A.Duke is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.B.Duke is on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.C.Duke is on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.D.Duke is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Sleeping is a behavior that is dependent on both instinctive and environmental conditions.

Observable behaviors include both learned behaviors and instinctive behaviors.

Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment demonstrated which of the following pairs of classical conditioning processes?A.acquisition and discriminationB.discrimination and extinctionC.extinction and generalizationD.generalization and acquisition

All behaviors occur only after conscious thought.

Both learned and innate behavior can occur as a result of automatic processes.

Reinforcement attempts may not work if the reinforcer is not important or valued by the subject.

Classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus evokes a response from a neutral stimulus.

In classical conditioning, a stimulus is used to provoke or elicit a response that __________.A.it didn’t elicit naturally before conditioning occurredB.it elicited naturally before conditioning occurredC.was impossible to elicit before conditioning occurredD.was only elicited on occasion before conditioning occurred

Both positive and negative reinforcement serve to strengthen wanted behavior.

Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other.

Behaviors never come back once they have been extinguished.

In classical conditioning, the __________ stimulus causes an unconditioned response. A.conditionedB.unconditionedC.controlledD.uncontrolled