AnswersMO-PsychologyCognitive Development

Topic Test Answers

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Caregivers who are observed to be abusive or neglectful have been associated with the __________ type of attachment.

A
secure
B
disorganized-disoriented
C
insecure-avoidant
D
anxious-ambivalent
2
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Which of the following terms represents the debate between genetic and environmental influences on behavior?

A
stability versus change
B
continuity versus stages
C
nature versus nurture
D
general versus multiple
3

__________ parents are extremely strict, unresponsive, and expect obedience from their children.

A
Authoritative
B
Permissive
C
Authoritarian
D
Uninvolved
4

The primary objective in Kohlberg’s preconventional level is to fulfill one’s own needs and wants.

A
T
B
F
5

Harmful environmental agents cause an average of 4-5 percent of birth defects.

A
T
B
F
6

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg for basing his theory from his research on white, upper-class males.

A
T
B
F
7

Environment refers to the social and physical conditions that affect a person’s life.

A
T
B
F
8

An indication of the average age at which a child will reach different developmental milestones is known as __________.

A
developmental norms
B
process of maturation
C
percentiles
D
proximodistal trend
9

Which of the following is an assumption of continuous theories of development?

A
Development occurs rapidly and suddenly.
B
Experience and learning is important to development.
C
Development is largely affected by and related to biology.
D
Most individuals will develop in predictable stages.
10

Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development states that an individual constructs knowledge primarily through interaction with important figures in one’s life.

A
T
B
F
11

Nutrition, caregiver responsiveness, and learning opportunities are all __________ influences on maturation.

A
environmental
B
hereditary
C
sensory
D
motor
12

The gestational age of the embryo begins when the sperm and egg unite.

A
T
B
F
13

Which of the following is an example of a continuity theory of development?

A
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
B
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
C
Erikson’s theory of psychological development
D
Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development
14

Which of the following represents an aspect of Carol Gilligan's theory on moral development?

A
A man's judgment of wrong doing is generally based on relationhips.
B
Women and men often differ in reasoning about moral issues.
C
Men are at a lower level of moral development than women.
D
A woman's judgment of wrong doing is generally based on rules.
15

Physical development occurs as a result of active exploration and maturational processes.

A
T
B
F

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