AnswersCrowley Original Credit PsychologyEssay: The Effects of Watching Television on Adolescents

Essay: The Effects of Watching Television on Adolescents — Unit test Answers

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Which of the following processes of operant conditioning involves the gradual disappearance of a behavior?A.extinctionB.acquisitionC.shapingD.discrimination

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Recognizing how many syllables there are in a new word or what word it rhymes with is an example of _________.A.phonemic encodingB.structural encodingC.shallow processingD.deep processing

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Using operant conditioning, B. F. Skinner showed that animals could be trained to perform complex tasks.

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Jared would describe a square as having four equal sides and four right angles. This is Jared’s __________ of a square.A.modelB.hierarchyC.featureD.concept

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The ability to keep information or events in one’s memory until they are chosen for retrieval is called __________.A.retentionB.rehearsalC.processingD.retrieval

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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.William is taking part in an experiment. William is instructed to tickle his own nose, and as a result, he is about to sneeze. Before he sneezes, a research assistant shines a light in his eyes. After many repetitions of this behavior, when the research assistant shines a light in his eyes, William feels like he has to sneeze.What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in this scenario?A.William tickling his own noseB.William sneezing C.the lightD.the researcher’s presence

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If a behavior tends to increase after a consequence occurs, that consequence is most likely used as __________.A.reinforcementB.punishmentC.extinctionD.aversive stimuli

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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Fred is playing the slot machines. After a certain number of plays, he wins a few coins, but Fred is unable to determine how many plays he needs to win. Which of the following statements is true?A.Fred is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.B.Fred is on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.C.Fred is on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.D.Fred is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

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Which learning process occurs when organisms are able to distinguish between various similar stimuli and respond only to certain ones?A.acquisitionB.discriminationC.extinctionD.generalization

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Expecting to see cages and animals at the zoo before arriving is an example of one using a schema to predict what items would be at the zoo.

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Which two stimuli did John B. Watson associate in his infamous “Little Albert” experiment?

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a white lab rat and the boy’s mother
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fear and a loud noise
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a white lab rat and a loud noise
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fear and the boy’s mother
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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Justine is bothering her parents while they are shopping at the store. They buy her a toy in order to calm her down.Which type of conditioning is shaping Justine’s behavior?A.positive reinforcementB.negative reinforcementC.positive punishmentD.negative punishment

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Which learning process occurs when the same response happens in reaction to many similar stimuli?A.acquisitionB.discriminationC.extinctionD.generalization

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What is “multitasking”?

Answer:

Responses may very but should include some or all of the following information: Multitasking is an example of what can happen when an individual attempts to divide one’s attention among more than one task. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Multitasking is an example of what can happen when an individual attempts to divide one’s attention among more than one task.

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Describe the mechanism of a typical operant chamber.

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: An operant chamber is carefully designed to emit a number of consequences from the behaviors of the animals contained within. The subjects can interact with a variety of inputs, usually including at least a lever and one discriminative stimulus. The chamber may be able to emit sounds, visual stimuli such as lights, or even smells. If the subject in the operant chamber emits the targeted behavior, the operant chamber can be set to automatically dispense food to the subject. Many operant chambers also include a punishment consequence in the form of electric shocks.

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