Proteins and Nucleic Acids — Unit test Answers

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21
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Cornell University recently conducted a study that estimated that honeybees pollinate more than $14 billion worth of crops each year. The study suggested that nearly seventy-five percent of all global crops that are grown for food, fiber, beverages, condiments, spices, and medicines are pollinated. Produced with the help of pollinators, agricultural products including legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, herbs, spices, oils, seeds, grains, clover, and cotton make a significant contribution to the economy. As the human population increases, so does the demand for pollination; sadly, the honeybee population is decreasing. Within the past thirty years, parasites, predators, and disease have weakened both wild and managed populations of honeybees. In fact, around the globe, honeybees are being decimated by an epidemic known as colony collapse disorder (CCD). According to this article, who collected information to research the honeybees?

A
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
B
global farmers
C
Cornell University
D
food manufacturers
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Which food contains mostly polysaccharides?

A
cake
B
sugar
C
berries
D
pasta
23

Which reaction is exothermic?

A
a reaction that absorbs energy from the environment
B
a reaction that requires an activation energy
C
a reaction that releases energy into the environment
D
a reaction that does not involve a change in energy
24

Dr. Katherine Pollard, a biostatistical researcher, recently changed the method that she used to compare human and chimpanzee DNA. Her research showed that the differences between the two species’ DNA are in segments called switches, which turn certain genes on or off. What is the most likely outcome of Dr. Pollard’s research?

A
Other scientists will repeat her analysis and this may lead to changes in theories.
B
The laws of segregation and independent assortment will change.
C
Dr. Pollard will change experimental methods and repeat the study.
D
The hypothesis will be rewritten to match the outcome of the study.
25

Which component is affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction?

A
the amount of substrate
B
the activation energy
C
the amount of product
D
the concentration of reactants
26

What would most likely happen to plants if they did not have a waxy outer coating?

A
They would store more water in their leaves.
B
They would photosynthesize at a faster rate.
C
They would store more sugars in their leaves.
D
They would be harmed by insects and UV radiation.
27

Read the passage about bird food and bird watching. Noted scientist Dr. Elsa Birde described the effect of adding a mixture of dried apples and raisins to the previous feed of sunflower seeds, millet, thistle seed, and cracked corn in bird feeders in her yard. Over three years, Dr. Birde observed that the new mixture increased the number of songbirds at her feeders, especially during the months of April and May. As she has done for several years, Dr. Birde recorded, at the same time each day, the number of birds at each of her four feeders. She noted that the third year using the mixture coincided with the largest increase. There was a twenty-five percent increase in the number of songbirds over times when this mixture was not used. Dr. Birde also noted that in the third year she used a specific ratio of the ingredients, carefully measuring, which she had not done in previous years. The third year also had a warmer than normal spring, and a construction project began in a neighborhood near Dr. Birde’s. Dr. Birde is now going to produce this formula for sale and advertise to customers that they may see the same twenty-five percent increase in songbirds at their feeders.Dr. E. Birde, Journal of Scientific Bird FeedingWhich scientific claim can be made?

A
Songbird numbers will increase due to the effects of climate change increasing global temperatures.
B
Songbirds appear more often in April and May.
C
With an increase in construction, songbirds will move from one neighborhood to another.
D
A study by Dr. Birde showed that the number of songbirds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.
28

Where does a peptide bond form?

A
between the five-carbon sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
B
between the R group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
C
between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
D
between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
29

Jun is at risk for heart disease so he is watching his cholesterol levels. He refers to the table below to choose what is best for his health.Comparison Chart of Fats Food (14 g)Saturated Fat (g)Monounsaturated Fat (g)Polyunsaturated Fat (g)Butter7.93.70.5Cream cheese3.01.50.2Margarine1.65.43.4Peanut butter1.44.02.6Which snack is the healthiest option for Jun, based on the data in the table?

A
bagel with butter
B
bagel with cream cheese
C
bagel with margarine
D
bagel with peanut butter
30

How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?

A
It speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction by direct participation.
B
It reacts with products to increase the concentration of reactants.
C
It decreases the amount of energy necessary for the reaction to proceed.
D
It increases the total amount of products formed.

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