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Cell Differentiation and Specialization — Unit test Answers

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21
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Which series of diagrams correctly represents the order of mitosis?

A
The steps of mitosis are shown. In step 1, the cell starts to break down structures. In step 2, the chromosomes line up at the center. In step 3, the chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. In step 4, the cell is divided.
Option A
B
The steps of mitosis are shown. In step 1, the cell starts to break down structures. In step 2, the cell is divided. In step 3, the chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. In step 4, the chromosomes line up at the center.
Option B
C
The steps of mitosis are shown. In step 1, the cell starts to break down structures. In step 2, the cell is divided. In step 3, the chromosomes line up at the center. In step 4, the chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Option C
D
The steps of mitosis are shown. In step 1, the cell starts to break down structures. In step 2, the chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. In step 3, the chromosomes line up at the center. In step 4, the cell is divided.
Option D
22
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Which statements describe the characteristics of an individual protein? Select two options. It is specific to one biochemical reaction.It increases the activation energy needed for a reaction.It can catalyze many different reactions.It increases the rate of a biochemical reaction.It slows down the rate of a biochemical reaction.

A
It is specific to one biochemical reaction.
B
It increases the activation energy needed for a reaction.
C
It can catalyze many different reactions.
D
It increases the rate of a biochemical reaction.
E
It slows down the rate of a biochemical reaction.
23

Which base is found only in DNA?

A
adenine
B
guanine
C
cytosine
D
thymine
24

Which part of cell division is different in plant and animal cells?

A
cytokinesis
B
anaphase
C
mitosis
D
eukaryotic
25

Which structure will form when a primitive cell engulfs an aerobic bacterium?

A
mitochondria
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
D
cell membrane
26

Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of only water molecules?

A
active transport
B
osmosis
C
passive transport
D
dynamic equilibrium
27

What purpose does the peptide bond serve in protein synthesis?

A
It connects amino acids.
B
It adds a water molecule to the amino acid chain.
C
It releases the protein from the tRNA.
D
It makes a strand of mRNA.
28

Which organelles are not found in plant cells?

A
vacuoles
B
mitochondria
C
chloroplasts
D
centrioles
29

The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?

A
deoxyribose sugars
B
phosphate groups
C
nitrogenous base pairs
D
ribosomes
30

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which cellular process was involved in the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A
symbiosis
B
phagocytosis
C
endosymbiosis
D
photosynthesis
31

Shannon is making a Venn diagram to organize the characteristics of cell walls and cell membranes. Which pair of characteristics both belong in the two areas of the Venn diagram that do not intersect?

A
helps with communication; contains mostly cellulose
B
contains mostly cellulose; forms the outer layer of animal cells
C
is found in plant cells; is found in animal cells
D
is semipermeable; found in animal cells
32

Which organelle can be compared to a security guard who decides whom may enter a building and whom may not?

A
cell membrane
B
cytoplasm
C
endoplasmic reticulum
D
mitochondrion
33

What is the maximum magnification of most classroom compound light microscopes?

A
100x
B
500x
C
1,000x
D
5,000x
34

Two cells in the same organism differ only in the number of chloroplasts they contain. The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few. What would most likely characterize these cells?

A
There would be no difference between the functioning of the cells because the chloroplasts are not essential cell structures.
B
The second cell would become larger because it would have fewer chloroplasts regulating its size and shape.
C
The second cell would shrink because it would not be able to store water and maintain cell shape.
D
The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture very much sunlight.
35

An animal cell (left) and a plant cell (right) are shown.Which organelle, labeled X in the diagram, is found in both plant and animal cells?

Question illustration
A
the cell wall
B
the cell membrane
C
mitochondrion
D
ribosome
36

Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images?

A
scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope
B
transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope
C
scanning tunneling microscope and transmission electron microscope
D
compound light microscope and scanning electron microscope
37

Consider the plant cells in the image below.Which is a function of the cell structure that is labeled X?

Question illustration
A
It stores lipids.
B
It helps in cell metabolism.
C
It provides support.
D
It transports proteins.

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