Read the excerpt from "Code Talkers.”The use of Navajo code was so successful that its existence was kept secret until 1968 so that the Marines could continue to use it, if necessary. Two decades later, many of the code talkers were recognized for their service. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan declared August 14 Navajo Code Talkers Day, and in 2000 President Bill Clinton awarded the Congressional Medal to the first twenty-nine code talkers. In the years since, code talkers from the Navajo and thirty-two other American Indian tribes have been awarded the medal.
Which words and phrases from this excerpt help create a tone of admiration? Select 3 options.
The author of "Code Talkers” supports the idea that the code talkers were essential to America’s war effort by
Which excerpt from "Code Talkers” best illustrates that the Navajo code talkers were quick-thinking and precise?
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.However, as with every technology, there is a dark side to encryption. As well as protecting the communications of law-abiding citizens, encryption also protects the communications of criminals and terrorists. Currently, the police use wiretapping as a way of gathering evidence in serious cases, such as organized crime and terrorism, but this would be impossible if criminals used unbreakable ciphers. As we enter the twenty-first century, the fundamental dilemm
As you read an informational text, it is important to ask yourself questions to make sure you it.
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.More than a hundred million e-mails are sent around the world each day, and they are all vulnerable to interception. Digital technology has aided communication, but it has also given rise to the possibility of those communications being monitored.
Which detail best supports the claim that everyone should use encryption software?
Which kinds of evidence are included in the excerpt? Select 3 options.
To evaluate the effectiveness of an argument, the reader needs to assess whether the author’s reasons and evidence are:
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.Alternatively, imagine that a bank receives an e-mail from a client, which instructs that all the client's funds should be transferred to a private numbered bank account in the Cayman Islands. Once again, without a handwritten signature, how does the bank know that the e-mail is really from the client? The e-mail could have been written by a criminal attempting to divert the money to his own Cayman Islands bank account. In order to develop trust on the Internet, it is essential that there is some form of reliable digital signature.
Read the quote from Zimmermann in The Code Book.A future government could inherit a technology infrastructure that's optimized for surveillance, where they can watch the movements of their political opposition, every financial transaction, every communication, every bit of e-mail, every phone call. Everything could be filtered and scanned and automatically recognized by voice recognition technology and transcribed. It's time for cryptography to step out of the shadows of spies and the military,
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.By this stage, sending a PGP encrypted message is becoming quite complicated. The IDEA cipher is being used to encrypt the message, RSA is being used to encrypt the IDEA key, and another stage of encryption has to be incorporated if a digital signature is required. However, Zimmermann developed his product in such a way that it would do everything automatically, so that Alice and Bob would not have to worry about the mathematics. To send a message to Bob, Alice would simply write her e-mail and select the PGP option from a menu on her computer screen. Next she would type in Bob's name, then PGP would find Bob's public key and automatically perform all the encryption. At the same time PGP would do the necessary jiggery-pokery required to digitally sign the message. Upon receiving the encrypted message, Bob would select the PGP option, and PGP would decrypt the message and verify the author. Nothing in PGP was original—Diffie and Hellman had already thought of digital signatures and other cryptographers had used a combination of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers to speed up encryption—but Zimmermann was the first to put everything together in one easy-to-use encryption product, which was efficient enough to run on a moderately sized personal computer.
Read this quote from Zimmermann in The Code Book.In the past, if the government wanted to violate the privacy of ordinary citizens, it had to expend a certain amount of effort to intercept and steam open and read paper mail, or listen to and possibly transcribe spoken telephone conversations. This is analogous to catching fish with a hook and a line, one fish at a time. Fortunately for freedom and democracy, this kind of labor-intensive monitoring is not practical on a large scale. Today, electronic mail is gradually replacing conventional paper mail, and is soon to be the norm for everyone, not the novelty it is today. Unlike paper mail, e-mail messages are just too easy to intercept and scan for interesting keywords. This can be done easily, routinely, automatically, and undetectably on a grand scale. This is analogous to driftnet fishing—making a quantitative and qualitative Orwellian difference to the health of democracy.
To understand the main idea of an informational text, you should ask yourself
Which questions best help the reader understand the point that "information is the most valuable commodity” today? Select 3 options.
To improve understanding of an informational paragraph, which questions are best to ask? Select 5 options.What is this paragraph mostly about?Are there any unfamiliar words I need to learn?What is the author’s claim?How does the evidence relate to the claim?How long is this paragraph compared to the others?Is the evidence relevant to the claim?Should the author cut this paragraph from the text?
To improve understanding of the excerpt, which questions are best to ask? Select 5 options.
Which best describes the author’s viewpoint toward the actual Rosetta Stone in "The Rosetta Stone”?
Read the passage from "The Quinceanera.”So there I was at the jewelry counter in Ferguson’s department store, surrounded by stroller-driving moms and crying babies. I had to hurry. Maritza’s party was tonight and, more importantly, I was meeting my friends at the movies at 1:00. It would be the only part of the day I would actually get to enjoy, and I was really looking forward to it.
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