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Analyzing Evidence — Unit test Answers

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1
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Density is mass per unit of volume. Which pair of lab instruments would a student use to measure the density of seawater?

A
a caliper and a flask
B
a stopwatch and a beaker
C
a balance and a beaker
D
a meter stick and a temperature probe
2
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Which equipment is best to hold and to measure liquids?

A
flask and graduated cylinder
B
scale and ruler
C
caliper and thermometer
D
stopwatch and beaker
3

The scatterplots indicate the population of rabbits in the population over time. The y-axis represents the number of rabbits and the x-axis is time. Which graph most likely represents a rabbit population that found a new, larger habitat, but then eventually experienced an increase in predation?

Question illustration
A
Graph A
B
Graph B
C
Graph C
D
Graph D
4

The table shows results of an experiment that was replicated.

Question illustration
A
They are neither precise nor reproducible.
B
They are precise but not reproducible.
C
They are accurate and reproducible.
D
They are accurate but not reproducible.
5

Most scientists agree that saturated fats contribute to high levels of “bad” cholesterol in a person's blood, while monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats lower this type of cholesterol in a person's blood. The table below shows data about fats in some common foods.Food (14 g)Saturated fat (g)Monounsaturated fat (g)Polyunsaturated fat (g)Canola oil1.08.93.9Margarine1.65.43.4Olive oil1.99.91.4Lard5.05.81.4Butter7.93.70.5Joyce and Linda are identical twins who are 50 years old and enjoy exercising daily. Joyce avoids eating any dairy or animal products and eats granola made with canola oil for breakfast. Linda prefers rich foods, and eats bacon, eggs, and buttered toast each morning. Which statement describes a logical inference that can be made from the provided information?

A
Butter has higher levels of saturated fats in it than canola oil.
B
Linda and Joyce both have high levels of “bad” cholesterol.
C
Butter contains a small amount of polyunsaturated fats.
D
Linda has a higher level of “bad” cholesterol than Joyce.
6

In late spring, a student began conducting an investigation about the flower preferences of bees. She counted the number of wildflowers in a small plot and created the following table.Plant SpeciesNumber of PlantsDandelion13Indian paintbrush8Queen Anne’s lace20Thistle29She planned to observe the flowers for the next five days for an hour at the same time each afternoon. Then she would plot the data in a multiple line graph to compare the number of bees that visited each flower. Which statement best describes the data in this investigation?

A
The data would be more accurate if she carried out all the observations in one day so weather conditions would be constant.
B
The data would be more valid if she made the observations daily for two months.
C
The data she collected is inaccurate because the investigation is not repeatable.
D
The data she collected cannot be plotted in a line graph because it is qualitative.
7

Why have improvements in microscopes over time resulted in revisions in the cell theory?

A
They have revealed new information about cell structure and processes.
B
They have made microscopes easier to use.
C
They have allowed scientists to share pictures of the cells being studied.
D
They have made it possible to confirm what scientists already suspected.
8

Take a look at the statement below:Fish meal is better than artificial fertilizers.How could this statement be revised to make it a hypothesis?

A
Fish meal is safer than artificial fertilizers, but it does not make plants grow.
B
Fish meal is a better fertilizer than artificial fertilizer because fish meal is natural.
C
Plants that are fertilized with fish meal will grow taller than plants that receive artificial fertilizer.
D
Plants that receive artificial fertilizer will be better than plants that receive fish meal.
9

Jake and Aisha conducted an experiment together to test the effects of fertilizer runoff on the amount of dissolved oxygen in a lake. They each created a graph from the results. Graph 1: Jake’s Graph Graph 2: Aisha’s GraphJake concluded that the runoff had little effect on the dissolved oxygen levels, and Aisha concluded that the runoff had a major effect on dissolved oxygen levels. What is the most likely reason that Jake and Aisha formed different conclusions?

Question illustration
A
Each person used different references for comparison.
B
Jake recorded the wrong measurements on two days.
C
Aisha converted the units before creating her graph.
D
The students used different ranges for their y axes.
10

Which statement best explains why the development of a new area of science can lead to changes in a theory?

A
A new area of science attracts new scientists who study old theories for flaws.
B
A new area of science promotes experimentation from a different point of view.
C
A new area of science allows old theories to be reworded using new terminology.
D
A new area of science encourages scientists to replace old theories with modern ones.
11

What would most likely be included in the “Analysis” section of a lab report?

A
a discussion of any errors in the experimental data
B
a list of the supplies that were used in conducting the experiment
C
suggestions for new experiments based on the results
D
a description of what the dependent and independent variables were
12

When an experiment is replicated, how should the results of the two experiments compare?

A
The results of the first experiment should be less accurate.
B
The results of the second experiment should be less accurate.
C
The results of the experiments should be similar.
D
The results of the experiments should be one hundred percent certain.
13

The graph shows a student’s data from an investigation about plant growth in five plants of the same type.WeekAvg. Plant Height (cm)Avg. Growth (cm)02NA1312633934145Which is the best way to display this data for analysis?

A
Place the data in a chart that includes individual measurements before averages were calculated so the information is more complete.
B
Transfer the data into a pie chart with five sections, one for each week, that are sized based on plant growth for that week.
C
Use the first column of data for the x axis the second column for the y axis and plot the data in a line graph to show the growth trend.
D
Use the first column of data for the y axis the second column for the x axis and plot the data in a line graph to show the growth trend.
14

Most scientists agree that saturated fats contribute to high levels of “bad” cholesterol in a person's blood, while monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats lower this type of cholesterol in a person's blood. The table below shows data about fats in some common foods.Food (14 g)Saturated fat (g)Monounsaturated fat (g)Polyunsaturated fat (g)Canola oil1.08.93.9Margarine1.65.43.4Olive oil1.99.91.4Lard5.05.81.4Butter7.93.70.5Joyce and Linda are identical twins who are 50 years old and enjoy exercising daily. Joyce avoids eating any dairy or animal products and eats granola made with canola oil for breakfast. Linda prefers rich foods, and eats bacon, eggs, and buttered toast each morning. Which statement describes a logical inference that can be made from the provided information?

A
Butter has higher levels of saturated fats in it than canola oil.
B
Linda and Joyce both have high levels of “bad” cholesterol.
C
Butter contains a small amount of polyunsaturated fats.
D
Linda has a higher level of “bad” cholesterol than Joyce.
15

A biology class is studying the effect of temperature on the amount of growth of duckweed in an aquarium. What type of data will the class need to collect, and which tools will most likely be used?

A
They will gather qualitative data, using a thermometer and a hand lens.
B
They will gather qualitative data, using a meterstick and a flask.
C
They will gather quantitative data, using a thermometer and a balance.
D
They will gather quantitative data, using a beaker and a timer.
16

Mendel reached conclusions about inheritance without ever seeing chromosomes or knowing about DNA. Which technology has enabled the greatest advances in understanding inheritance?

A
DNA structure
B
DNA analysis
C
light microscopy
D
electron microscopy
17

Studying the folding patterns of protein molecules can help microbiologists better understand cellular processes as well as some diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, that are caused by proteins that have misfolded. The folding of these complicated molecules can be simulated on computers, but it takes a lot of processor power and time for even expensive supercomputers to do this. A group of researchers at Stanford University developed software that can be used to distribute the processing of data to anyone who is willing to donate time on their idle personal computers. As a result, the researchers have been able to achieve protein-folding simulations that are far better than those other computing methods have done. Which statement best describes the work of these researchers?

A
The work is not scientific because the data are not processed in one location.
B
The work is not scientific because the simulations are not reproducible.
C
The researchers applied creativity to solve a problem in running an experiment.
D
The researchers used only well-established scientific techniques.
18

All theories are hypotheses, but not all hypotheses are theories. Francis wants to know if a specific hypothesis he is researching is a theory. Which describes how Francis would know the hypothesis is a theory?

A
He could restate the hypothesis as a fact and no longer an explanation.
B
He could determine whether the hypothesis is based on repeated experiments.
C
He could perform the experiment and adjust data to match the desired results.
D
He could design and perform a new controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
19

A student does an experiment for a science fair to study whether temperature affects the timing of a cricket’s chirps. The student keeps a cricket in an enclosed box that is heated to different temperatures each day for twelve days. The student records the cricket’s chirps by using a sound-activated microphone so that the timing of the chirps can be measured. The student records the results of the experiment in the table below.Day123456789101112Temperature (ºC)212223242526272829303132Average time between chirps (sec)2.52.62.22.32.01.81.91.81.41.21.51.1Which generalization can be made from the data in the table?

A
The higher the temperature, the fewer chirps there will be in 10 seconds.
B
The chirps occur closer together as the temperature increases.
C
The chirps become farther apart as the temperature increases.
D
There is no relationship between temperature and the time between chirps.
20

The scatterplots indicate the population of rabbits in the population over time. The y-axis represents the number of rabbits and the x-axis is time. Which graph most likely represents a rabbit population that found a new, larger habitat, but then eventually experienced an increase in predation?

Question illustration
A
Graph A
B
Graph B
C
Graph C
D
Graph D

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