Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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23

The term pathos is best defined as

A
an appeal to emotions.
B
the use of changes in tone.
C
an appeal to character.
D
the use of exaggeration.
24

Which words from the passage have negative connotations that support the author's point? Select three options.

A
“affordably”
B
“chemicals”
C
“disease”
D
“obesity”
E
“attainable”
25

Which reasons would be the most effective? Select two options.

A
Dylan has been internationally acclaimed for more than half a century.
B
Dylan is first and foremost a poet, and poetry is often accompanied by music.
C
The effect of Dylan's music on his listeners and fans has not always been positive.
D
It has been almost a quarter century since an American won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
E
True poetry does not require music to be effective, but Dylan's lyrics work only when put to music.
26

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" a speech given by Sojourner Truth, a formerly enslaved person, in 1851.Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.

A
gratitude.
B
triumph.
C
acceptance.
D
frustration.
27

What three things must a writer use to develop a successful argument?

A
inductive and deductive reasoning, anecdotal evidence, and persuasive diction
B
logical reasoning, relevant evidence, and persuasive diction
C
historical examples, empirical evidence, and diction
D
anecdotal evidence, empirical evidence, and logical evidence
28

Which statements best describe an effective claim in an argumentative essay? Select two options.It is precise and clear.It is debatable but cannot be refuted.It is emotional and states an opinion.It states a bias using clear language.It states a fact using precise language.

A
It is precise and clear.
B
It is debatable but cannot be refuted.
C
It is emotional and states an opinion.
D
It states a bias using clear language.
E
It states a fact using precise language.
29

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.Let us not forget that between the appointments of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in 1981 and Justice Ginsburg in 1992, eleven years passed. Similarly, between Justice Kaye's initial appointment as an Associate Judge to the New York Court of Appeals in 1983, and Justice Ciparick’s appointment in 1993, ten years elapsed. Almost nine years later, we are waiting for a third appointment of a woman to both the Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals and of a second minority, male or female, preferably Hispanic, to the Supreme Court. In 1992 when I joined the bench, there were still two out of 13 circuit courts and about 53 out of 92 district courts in which no women sat. At the beginning of September of 2001, there are women sitting in all 13 circuit courts. The First, Fifth, Eighth and Federal Circuits each have only one female judge, however, out of a combined total number of 48 judges. There are still nearly 37 district courts with no women judges at all. For women of color the statistics are more sobering. As of September 20, 1998, of the then 195 circuit court judges, only two were African-American women and two Hispanic women. Of the 641 district court judges, only twelve were African-American women and eleven Hispanic women. African-American women comprise only 1.56% of the federal judiciary and Hispanic-American women comprise only 1%. No African-American, male or female, sits today on the Fourth or Federal circuits. And no Hispanics, male or female, sit on the Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, District of Columbia or Federal Circuits.Sort of shocking, isn't it? This is the year 2002. We have a long way to go. Unfortunately, there are some very deep storm warnings we must keep in mind. In at least the last five years the majority of nominated judges the Senate delayed more than one year before confirming or never confirming were women or minorities. I need not remind this audience that Judge Paez of your home Circuit, the Ninth Circuit, has had the dubious distinction of having had his confirmation delayed the longest in Senate history. These figures demonstrate that there is a real and continuing need for Latino and Latina organizations and community groups throughout the country to exist and to continue their efforts of promoting women and men of all colors in their pursuit for equality in the judicial system.

A
parallelism.
B
overstatement.
C
ethos.
D
shift.
30

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their women. But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause, but above all things he must keep his hands off the property of others, because men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony. Besides, pretexts for taking away the property are never wanting; for he who has once begun to live by robbery will always find pretexts for seizing what belongs to others; but reasons for taking life, on the contrary, are more difficult to find and sooner lapse. But when a prince is with his army, and has under control a multitude of soldiers, then it is quite necessary for him to disregard the reputation of cruelty, for without it he would never hold his army united or disposed to its duties.

A
They suggest that a ruler who is feared can retain power, while a ruler who is hated is less likely to do so.
B
They suggest that hatred is more powerful than fear, allowing a ruler to take power from people by taking their possessions.
C
They suggest that, if a prince has to put someone to death, he will be hated rather than feared.
D
They suggest that both fear and hatred can be useful, depending on the situation.
31

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech.Today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall. What keeps you here? Certainly there's a great deal to be said for your fortitude, for your defiant courage. But I believe there's something deeper, something that involves Berlin's whole look and feel and way of life—not mere sentiment. . . . In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love—love both profound and abiding.

A
logical
B
ethical
C
emotional
D
rational
32

Read the excerpt from a speech by the class president petitioning the principal to build a new stadium.Our stadium is crumbling, and the effects have been felt for generations! If we built a new stadium, our community would benefit, and millions would flock to town for the home games. Profits would soar, as local businesses would be flooded with new clients on game nights. And your legacy as the best principal ever would be established for all to see.

A
appeal
B
overstatement
C
parallelism
D
shift
33

What is the word root of memorialize?

A
me­-
B
-ize
C
mem
D
memorial
34

If biblio is a word root meaning "book,” and phil means "love,” what is the best definition of bibliophile in the sentence below?Elena was a bibliophile, so she amassed a library of thousands of books over the course of her life.

A
someone who writes books
B
someone who adores books
C
someone who reads a lot of books
D
someone who knows a lot about books
35

Paco's teacher has asked him to add a transition in the introduction to his argumentative essay in favor of abolishing tuition at public colleges.(1) Today, even many blue-collar, retail, and clerical jobs require applicants to have a college degree. (2) _____, going to college—even a public college—is becoming more and more expensive. (3) What's a student with little money to do? (4) The only way to make higher education accessible to students with low incomes is to abolish tuition at public colleges.

A
Additionally
B
Although
C
Similarly
D
However
36

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.Like many other immigrants to this great land, my parents came because of poverty and to attempt to find and secure a better life for themselves and the family that they hoped to have. They largely succeeded. For that, my brother and I are very grateful. The story of that success is what made me and what makes me the Latina that I am. The Latina side of my identity was forged and closely nurtured by my family through our shared experiences and traditions.

A
They express pride in family and culture.
B
They express the importance of education.
C
They convey a feeling of sadness.
D
They convey a feeling of seriousness.
37

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Therefore a prince, so long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal, ought not to mind the reproach of cruelty; because with a few examples he will be more merciful than those who, through too much mercy, allow disorders to arise, from which follow murders or robberies; for these are wont to injure the whole people, whilst those executions which originate with a prince offend the individual only.

A
Machiavelli suggests that the cruel prince would like to be more merciful.
B
Machiavelli forces readers to carefully consider the meanings of the words merciful and mercy.
C
Machiavelli forces readers to decide whether executions and robberies are acceptable.
D
Machiavelli is giving both mercy and merciful a more negative connotation.
38

Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

A
My singular objective has been to change farming practices so workers are respected.
B
There was a time when people like me were not welcome in restaurants or theaters.
C
I have been angry for at least 40 years because of horrible experiences in my life.
D
This dream for change came from my own experiences of racism and mistreatment.
E
My dreams for change came from watching my parents as I was growing up.
39

What features of the passage identify it as using a cause-and-effect structure? Select three options.

A
The first sentence lists specific conditions followed by what might eventually happen.
B
The first sentence uses the expressions “on the one hand” and “on the other hand.”
C
The second sentence starts with the expression “for this reason.”
D
The second sentence lists potential consequences of the situation described.
E
The second sentence describes the citizens of the conquered city.
40

Read the excerpt from Prime Minister Winston Churchill's "Their Finest Hour" speech, delivered to the United Kingdom’s House of Commons in 1940.During the first four years of the last war the Allies experienced nothing but disaster and disappointment. That was our constant fear: one blow after another, terrible losses, frightful dangers. Everything miscarried. And yet at the end of those four years the morale of the Allies was higher than that of the Germans, who had moved from one aggressive triumph to another, and who stood everywhere triumphant invaders of the lands into which they had broken.

A
shift.
B
understatement.
C
logos.
D
parallelism.

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