Answers26-27 Chem A DLOC – 3199534Hypotheses, Laws, and Theories

Hypotheses, Laws, and Theories — Unit test Answers

25 verified answers1 views
2
Free Preview

Which statement summarizes the difference between a law and a theory?

A
A theory is a conclusion that is drawn from observations and experiments, but a law provides an explanation.
B
A law describes natural phenomena, but a theory explains why those phenomena occur.
C
A law is absolute, but a theory may be proven wrong.
D
A theory can be used to make predictions, but a law cannot.
4

Which is a positive effect of using chemistry?

A
The synthesis of drugs to disease may increase adverse reactions in others.
B
The use of herbicides to increase resistance in tolerant plants.
C
Fertilizer runoff from farms into natural waters will purify water systems.
D
Energy can be generated without burning fossil fuels.
5

A teacher discusses a scientific theory that has been in place for almost a century. Which would present the greatest challenge to this theory?

A
lists of what the theory cannot explain
B
discussion of the theory on Internet blogs
C
results from new experiments that contradict the theory
D
opinions of a vocal group of citizens that oppose the theory
6

X-ray crystallography is used to see the structure of molecules. Scientists have used this technique to find the structure of cholesterol, an important biological molecule. Knowledge of the structure of cholesterol is helpful because it may affect

A
how cholesterol works in the body.
B
the amount of cholesterol that is considered healthy.
C
previous ideas about which foods contain cholesterol.
D
previous explanations of how cholesterol works in the body.
7

A scientist develops a new experiment to test atomic theory. His results do not agree with the theory. What will most likely happen next?

A
Scientists worldwide will reject atomic theory because of the new results.
B
The scientist will change his results to agree with the accepted theory.
C
Other scientists will reject the results because they do not agree with the theory.
D
The scientist will repeat the experiment to make sure that his results are reliable.
8

Which factor is most important to consider when evaluating a journal article about global warming?

A
Is the article long enough?
B
Does the article contain facts or only opinions?
C
Did the author of the article use complex, scientific words?
D
Does the author of the article have a doctorate degree?
9

Which statement best describes information that would be associated with science rather than with pseudoscience?

A
The information is believed by a majority of people.
B
The information has been changed to support a claim.
C
The information shows what the person or group wants it to show.
D
The information was collected following a specific and reliable method.
10

Which statement correctly compares a hypothesis and a theory?

A
A theory is a prediction for a specific situation, while a hypothesis is used to make predictions for many similar situations.
B
A hypothesis is a prediction for a specific situation, while a theory is used to make predictions for many similar situations.
C
A theory provides an explanation, but a hypothesis does not.
D
A hypothesis provides an explanation, but a theory does not.
11

Which best explains why openness is important to the progress of science?

A
It aids in the analysis of complicated numerical data.
B
It aids in understanding technical papers in academic journals.
C
It allows scientists to consider ideas that contradict their models or theories.
D
It allows scientists to design novel experiments that may be difficult to carry out.
12

In 1971, a physicist named Gabor received the Nobel Prize for developing the basic ideas of holography, a method of producing a three-dimensional image of an object. His work marked a major advance in laser technology and occurred without much previous work in this area. Based on this information, which statement is most likely true of Gabor?

A
He was extremely creative and open to new ideas.
B
He was not curious about many facets of laser science.
C
He was interested in collaborating with a diverse group of scientists.
D
He was skeptical of his own work and the work of other laser scientists.
14

Which branch of chemistry would study how pollution effects marine life?

A
biochemistry
B
physical chemistry
C
materials chemistry
D
environmental chemistry
15

Which statement correctly contrasts science and pseudoscience?

A
Science is objective, whereas pseudoscience is subjective.
B
Science lacks a process for collecting data, whereas pseudoscience relies on collecting data.
C
Pseudoscience is constantly updated, whereas science does not change based on new information.
D
Pseudoscience is published in academic journals, whereas science appears mostly on the Internet.
16

When may a hypothesis be revised?

A
never
B
after experimental data is collected
C
after it has been proven to be correct
D
after at least one year from when it was first tested
17

Eric notices that his flashlight does not turn on when he flips the switch. What is the least appropriate hypothesis for Eric to make?

A
The flashlight does not want to work.
B
The batteries need to be replaced.
C
The light bulb is burned out.
D
The wiring has frayed.
18

Which area of science is considered the central science?

A
chemistry
B
biology
C
physics
D
environmental science
19

When may a scientific theory be revised?

A
never, once it has been published
B
when a single experiment’s data goes against it
C
when a new hypothesis provides a better explanation
D
after a large amount of data refutes it
20

A high school class is discussing whether a particular discovery in chemistry has had a positive impact on society. Which question is the most important for the students to answer?

A
How have people and the environment been affected by the discovery?
B
How many scientists were involved in the discovery?
C
When was the discovery made?
D
At which institution was the discovery made?

Did you find these answers helpful?