The Enlightenment — Unit test Answers

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Because the framers of the US Constitution were concerned about citizens having too much power, they

A
banned citizens from voting.
B
organized a system of consuls and magistrates.
C
established a republic.
D
created a system of independently governed city-states.
23

Enlightenment thinkers questioned

A
government authority.
B
unalienable rights.
C
the right to rebel.
D
government programs.
24

De Tocqueville observed the laissez-faire government in the United States, which meant that the government

A
was on a quest for equality.
B
stayed out of people’s affairs.
C
could not enforce laws.
D
believed all people were created equal.
25

Judeo-Christian principles refer to the religious beliefs and values held in common by

A
Christians and Muslims.
B
Christians and Jews.
C
Buddhists and Jews.
D
ancient Athenians and Christians.
26

The divine right of kings ended in England during the

A
adoption of the Magna Carta.
B
transition of the Glorious Revolution.
C
writing of the Two Treatises of Government.
D
fighting of the Seven Years' War.
27

An important effect of the Magna Carta on English government was that it

A
established a monarchy.
B
gave voting rights to all citizens.
C
reduced the rights of citizens.
D
gave more power to the people and protected their rights.
28

Which of these statements best describes the Greek city-states?

A
Each city-state had the same level of influence.
B
Each city-state had the same social organization.
C
Each city-state had its own form of government.
D
Each city-state allowed all people to vote.
29

Key privileges included in both the English Bill of Rights and the US Bill of Rights include

A
protection against unusual punishment and the right to trial by jury.
B
the rights to bear arms and to enact legislation after debate.
C
the rights to equal taxation and to trial by jury.
D
protection against unusual punishment and the right to suspend laws.
30

According to the English Bill of Rights, who makes laws regarding taxation?

A
monarchs
B
Parliament
C
the judiciary
D
the military
31

Read the passage from Two Treatises of Government (1690) by John Locke.This paternal, regal power being by divine right only his, it leaves no room for human prudence, or consent, to place it any where else; for if only one man hath a divine right to the obedience of mankind, no body can claim that obedience, but he that can shew that right; nor can men’s consciences, by any other pretence, be obliged to it. And thus, this doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.

A
If only one person has the authority to rule, then no one else, even members of government, may have authority, so divine right undermines civil society.
B
If only one person has the authority to rule, there should be no confusion about how to follow the law, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
C
If only one person has the authority to rule, the people will always eventually conflict with that ruler, so divine right undermines civil society.
D
If only one person has the authority to rule, all of the public servants they appoint will act in good faith, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
32

Which of the following principles did the Founders use as part of the basis for the Constitution?

A
unlimited state government
B
strong federal government
C
selective equality
D
popular sovereignty
33

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 demonstrated that Parliament had

A
less power than ever before.
B
the right to declare war.
C
power over the English monarchy.
D
the right to strengthen the power of the monarchy.
34

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights?

A
life, liberty, property
B
life, cooperation, liberty
C
opportunity, property, support
D
opportunity, support, cooperation
35

The Magna Carta placed clear limits on the power of the

A
citizens.
B
army.
C
king.
D
Church.
36

The concept of natural rights, which was later used in the Declaration of Independence, was first proposed by

A
Thomas Jefferson.
B
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
C
James Otis.
D
John Locke.
37

The basis for America’s foundation in liberty is found in

A
Patrick Henry’s speech about liberty.
B
the Declaration of Independence.
C
the Bill of Rights and the Constitution.
D
de Tocqueville’s book Democracy in America.
38

The Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu came up with the idea of

A
the natural rights of all people.
B
using a revolution to obtain citizens’ rights.
C
the separation of the government’s powers.
D
a social contract between government and people.

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