Answers AP US Government and PoliticsUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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James Meredith took his case against the University of Mississippi to

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

the US Supreme Court.

the university’s admissions board.

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In 1964, the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee launched

the Birmingham Campaign.

a campaign to integrate all-white schools.

the Children’s Crusade.

a campaign to register African American voters.

Refer to the cartoon.

The court used strict constructionism to uphold the right of the people to keep and bear arms and struck down a restriction on that right.

The court used loose constructionism to reinforce extensive regulation of arms by local, state, and federal authorities in order to maintain public safety.

The court determined that the Constitution’s Framers intended arms possession to be restricted to well-regulated militias subject to local, state, and federal authorities and that individual citizens do not have a right to keep arms.

The court ruled according to the Second Amendment’s original meaning that citizens’ right to keep arms was “necessary to the security of a free State” in the context of the nation’s historically weak military position following independence.

Refer to the chart.Public Support for Types of Free SpeechPeople were asked to complete the following statement: "People should be able to make statements that __________.”Which of the following conclusions about social movements is supported by the data?

Americans are more likely than people in other countries to support the use of controversial free speech by social movements.

Americans are more likely than people in other countries to support the agenda of groups that use controversial free speech.

Social movements are more likely to be successful in other countries because they have more freedom to engage in controversial free speech.

People in other countries are more likely than Americans to support the agenda of social movements that use noncontroversial free speech.

A resident of Maine is accused of murder and requests a grand jury indictment; however, the Maine legislature has recently passed a law doing away with grand jury trials, even when requested. The defendant is eventually found guilty and appeals his case all the way to the US Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court will likely find against the state of Maine because the rights “retained by the people” mentioned in the Ninth Amendment would be applied through the doctrine of selective incorporation.

The Supreme Court will likely find in favor of the state of Maine because the 10th Amendment’s guarantee of states’ rights could be applied through selective incorporation.

The Supreme Court will likely find in favor of the state of Maine, because the 11th Amendment’s limitation on judicial power could be included in the doctrine of selected incorporation.

The Supreme Court will likely find against the state of Maine, since the Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to indictment by a grand jury, and no state may deprive a citizen of this right.

Which did President Kennedy send to the universities of Alabama and Mississippi in 1963?

civil rights leaders

police officers

the media

federal troops

A result of the Freedom Summer campaign was that

the number of African American voters in Mississippi increased significantly.

African Americans were not convinced to turn out to register to vote.

white registration workers rejected most African American applications.

African American registered voters in Mississippi out-numbered white voters.

Refer to the chart.Which of the following rows accurately compares the opposing views on affirmative action that have influenced judicial opinions in Supreme Court rulings?

Refer to the passage. We admit that, in many places and in ordinary times, the defendants . . . would have been within their constitutional rights. But the character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. . . . The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right.–Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck v. United States (1919)

Free speech may be suspended when the United States is at war.

Congress has a right to abolish free speech because it has a duty to protect the public.

Restrictions on free speech are unconstitutional because free speech is a basic right guaranteed by the First Amendment.

Free speech ordinarily protected by the First Amendment is subject to restriction when it reliably and immediately threatens the public.

Refer to the cartoon below.

The court has given equal protections to corporations and individuals under the 19th Amendment.

The court has sided with corporations to help stimulate economic expansion under the 24th Amendment.

To protect individuals, the court has widened its authority over corporations under the 15th Amendment.

At the expense of individuals, the court has expanded the rights of corporations under the 14th Amendment.

How does the 24th Amendment differ from the 15th and 19th Amendments?

It applies only to women.

It applies only to certain states.

It bans discriminating against voters on the basis of race.

It bans a specific tactic designed to suppress voter turnout.

Which of the following would be the most direct consequence of the McDonald v. Chicago decision for states whose citizens demand stricter gun laws?

State lawmakers may change the legal definition of the term self-defense.

Any state laws about handguns would interfere with Second Amendment rights.

States may pass laws that challenge the constitutionality of owning assault weapons.

State lawmakers must carefully word their laws so that they are consistent with the Second Amendment.

Police arrest protesters for wearing items of clothing associated with a particular political faction. In the ensuing trial, the police claim that the protestors were disturbing the peace and promoting violence. They also claim that many fights have been started by people wearing the same factional clothing. The prosecutor argues based on Schenck v. United States (1919). The protestors’ lawyer argues in their defense, citing Tinker v. Des Moines (1969).

The prosecution is arguing that symbolic clothing is a form of fighting words, while the defense is arguing that symbolic expression, such as expressions involving the flag, has protected status.

The prosecution is arguing that symbolic clothing is automatically associated with illegal actions, while the defense is arguing that the government has no appropriate interest to protect in this case.

The prosecution is arguing that certain clothing constitutes a reliable trigger to violence and illegal actions, while the defense is arguing that the act of wearing certain clothing cannot be criminalized unless it leads to violence and disruption.

The prosecution is arguing that symbolic clothing is lewd and offers no redeeming value, while the defense is arguing that the government cannot act in defense when the act of wearing the clothing causes no harm.

A protester at a large public rally is arrested for urging the crowd to "take up arms against their oppressors.”Which of the following legal precedents is most relevant in determining the constitutionality of this arrest?

the wall of separation principle

the clear and present danger test

preemption against prior restraint

the contemporary community standards doctrine

Which constitutional amendment was created to outlaw the poll-tax requirement and ensure voting equality in all states?

the 15th Amendment

the 19th Amendment

the 24th Amendment

the 26th Amendment

Refer to the passage.Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system.–Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

the clear and present danger doctrine

the Manifest Destiny doctrine

the separate but equal doctrine

de facto segregation doctrine

A federal court hears a case regarding the arrest of protesters at a rally. The protesters argue that they have the right to protest government actions, while the prosecution argues that the protesters presented a danger to the public, warranting their arrests.How is the court most likely to rule in this case?

The court will likely rule in favor of the protestors, citing the 14th Amendment right of due process.

The court will likely rule in favor of the protestors, citing the First Amendment right of peaceable assembly.

The court will likely rule in favor of the prosecution, citing precedent allowing restrictions on free speech to ensure public safety.

The court will likely rule in favor of the prosecution, citing the 10th Amendment right of states to pass laws not expressly stated in the Constitution.

Refer to the chart below. AmendmentEventA.First AmendmentA student applies for admission to a university and is protected from racial discrimination.B.Fourth AmendmentThe FBI secures a warrant before entering a suspect's home to search for evidence of a crime.C.Sixth AmendmentTo prevent self-incrimination, a defendant chooses not to answer a prosecutor's questions.D.Ninth AmendmentA group of peaceful protesters assemble outside of a federal building.Which of the following rows accurately matches the event with the amendment that addresses it?

Which of the following would constitute a breach of constitutional law by a police officer?

proceeding with court-ordered wiretapping

conducting interviews that lead to a confession

admitting evidence subject to inevitable discovery

conducting searches and seizures without a court order or valid arrest

Refer to the chart.Public Support for Types of Free SpeechPeople were asked to complete the following statement: "People should be able to make statements that __________."According to the data, which of the following statements best explains the value of free speech to social movements?

Americans overwhelmingly favor free speech without limitations when supporting social movements.

Social movements in the United States enjoy fewer popular constraints on free speech than social movements in other countries.

Social movements in other countries are less constrained by limitations on free speech than social movements in the United States.

People in other countries support more limits on free speech, but they are involved in more social movements than Americans.

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