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The Process of Photosynthesis — Unit test Answers

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If a runner is doing vigorous exercise, which results from the anaerobic cellular process?

A
accumulation of lactic acid
B
accumulation of oxygen
C
depletion of ethanol
D
depletion of carbon dioxide
2
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Which statement correctly compares and contrasts the three stages of cellular respiration that occur in the presence of oxygen?

A
Each stage occurs in the mitochondria, but only the final stage produces ATP.
B
Each stage produces ATP, but only the third stage occurs in the mitochondria.
C
Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm.
D
Each stage occurs in the cytoplasm, but only the final stage produces ATP.
3

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a new disease caused by the buildup of waste material in the body’s cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the patient’s cells?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
lysosome
C
ribosome
D
endoplasmic reticulum
4

During which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced?

A
Krebs cycle
B
glycolysis
C
photosynthesis
D
electron transport chain
5

A scientist is comparing the outer layer of an onion cell to the outer layer of a human skin cell. What is unique about the outer layer of the onion cell compared to the skin cell?

A
It contains proteins.
B
It contains cellulose.
C
It contains carbohydrates.
D
It is selectively permeable.
6

After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body?

A
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
B
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
C
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
D
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
7

Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell?

A
cell membrane
B
Golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
8

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules that supply energy to the cell?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
nucleus
C
endoplasmic reticulum
D
mitochondrion
9

If the number of photosynthetic organisms on Earth decreased drastically, which would happen as a result?

A
Less water would be available on Earth’s surface.
B
Less solar energy would reach Earth’s atmosphere.
C
More oxygen gas would be found in Earth’s atmosphere.
D
More carbon dioxide gas would be found in Earth’s atmosphere.
10

A scientist hypothesized that oxygen atoms from both carbon dioxide and water are used to make glucose during photosynthesis. However, experimental results using oxygen isotopes showed that all of the oxygen from the water ended up in the oxygen molecules that were produced. None of the oxygen from water was found in glucose. What should the scientist do to best gain scientific understanding of this topic?

A
Analyze the results, and change the experimental methods to retest the hypotheses in a different way.
B
Discard the faulty results that do not support the original hypothesis, and repeat the experiment using the same methods.
C
Analyze the procedural errors that took place in the experiment, and summarize these in a conclusion statement.
D
Repeat the experiment and adjust new data to support the original hypothesis.
11

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionChloroplastStores water and waste materialsCell wallSupports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cellCell membraneBreaks down waste materials and debrisVacuoleProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
chloroplast
B
cell wall
C
cell membrane
D
vacuole
12

What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle?

A
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
B
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.
C
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
D
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.
13

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled D, and what is one feature that distinguishes them from the other labeled organelles?

Question illustration
A
chloroplasts; the only organelles that produce sugars from sunlight
B
ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells
C
centrioles; found in animal cells but not plant cells
D
mitochondria; the only energy-generating structures found in cells
14

Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A
lactic acid formation
B
acetyl CoA formation
C
electron transport
D
Krebs cycle
15

Which statement explains how ATP and its phosphate groups are related to the energy that is used in plant processes?

A
ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars.
B
ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars.
C
ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP; this process instantly releases energy for making sugars.
D
ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP; this process results from sugar production.
16

Which component of Earth’s atmosphere is decreased due to photosynthesis?

A
ozone
B
oxygen
C
hydrogen peroxide
D
carbon dioxide
17

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled G?

Question illustration
A
centrioles
B
lysosomes
C
ribosomes
D
mitochondria
18

The chemical reaction equation of photosynthesis is shown here:6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2What information is not given in this equation.

Question illustration
A
It does not show if the reaction is reversible
B
It does not show the reactants needed for the reaction
C
It does not show that photosynthesis consists of many separate steps.
D
It does not show the number of molecules required to produce glucose.
19

During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules. What happens to the hydrogen ions that are split from the water molecules?

A
They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.
B
They build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart ATP molecules.
C
They build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create ATP.
D
They flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart ATP.
20

The Venn diagram compares aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.Which statement should be categorized only in the aerobic section of the Venn diagram?

Question illustration
A
occurs in the cytoplasm
B
produces water
C
requires no oxygen
D
is performed by yeast

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