DNA Mutations — Unit test Answers

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23
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What is the function of tRNA?

A
to code for protein synthesis
B
to carry the synthesized genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
C
to synthesize proteins from RNA
D
to bring amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
24
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Which statement is scientifically based?

A
Mutations rarely occur.
B
All mutations are harmful.
C
Some mutations can be contagious, like infections.
D
Mutations are not passed from parent to offspring.
25

A scientist thinks that a certain chemical is a mutagen. She exposes plant cells to a large amount of this chemical in the laboratory. Which statement best provides evidence that the substance is a mutagen?

A
The cells die within hours of being exposed to the chemical.
B
The cells grow more quickly than those that were not exposed to the chemical.
C
The cells change after being exposed to the chemical, and this change is passed to the next generation of cells.
D
The cells continue to divide at the same rate as before they were exposed to the chemical.
26

If a stop codon is like a red traffic light, which is most like a green traffic light during transcription?

A
DNA
B
promoter
C
mRNA
D
nucleotide
27

Which process is part of translation but not transcription?

A
A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
B
A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.
C
A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
D
An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.
28

A protein called GEF-H1 is known to control immune responses to certain viruses such as influenza A. GEF-H1 is best classified as which kind of protein?

A
a structural protein
B
an antibody
C
an enzyme
D
a messenger protein
29

Lactase is a protein in the digestive tract that helps break down certain sugars found in milk. What is the main function of lactase?

A
to provide structure
B
to fight disease
C
to maintain homeostasis
D
to regulate cell reactions
30

Justin is looking at two chromosomes that have identical alleles for a particular trait. What term best describes these chromosomes?

A
heterozygous
B
homozygous
C
petit
D
queue
31

Pedigrees and karyotypes provide the means for individuals to identify their risks of genetic disorders. What can be observed on a karyotype but not on a pedigree?

A
family carriers of a genetic disorder
B
family history of a genetic disorder
C
risk of a genetic disorder in offspring
D
a visual image of a chromosomal defect
32

What did Chargaff discover while studying bases in the DNA of organisms?

A
The bases in the DNA of each organism were unique.
B
The ratios of thymine and adenine were similar, as were the ratios of guanine and cytosine.
C
The overall percentages of bases were different from one organism to the next.
D
There were equal amounts of all four bases in every organism, or 25 percent of each base.

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