AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICProteins and Nucleic Acids

Proteins and Nucleic Acids — Unit test Answers

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1
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A scientist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxygen gas. Which group of statements best describe all of the materials he is using in the investigation?

A
They are each compounds. Each of the compounds is made of atoms. All of the atoms are made of matter.
B
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds and some are elements. They all contain atoms.
C
They are all elements. Some contain molecules of the same type of atom. Some contain different types of atoms.
D
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
2
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Which sequence of processes transports water from the atmosphere to the ocean and then back into a cloud?

A
precipitation ® condensation ® transpiration
B
evaporation ® condensation ® sublimation
C
precipitation ® evaporation ® condensation
D
evaporation ® precipitation ® condensation
3

Which element is found in both DNA and protein?

A
sulfur
B
sodium
C
nitrogen
D
chlorine
4

Which characteristic best distinguishes runoff and infiltration?

A
Runoff involves condensation and infiltration involves evaporation.
B
Runoff occurs over land and infiltration occurs underground.
C
Runoff occurs during floods and infiltration occurs during drought.
D
Runoff describes water movement and infiltration describes water storage.
5

A patient has diabetes, a disease that causes high blood sugar levels. Which macromolecule will a dietician monitor most closely in a patient that has the disease?

A
carbohydrates
B
lipids
C
nucleic acids
D
proteins
6

Where is the greatest amount of the world’s carbon found?

A
atmosphere
B
seafloor sediments
C
ocean
D
plants and animals
7

What is the general term for any carbohydrate monomer?

A
glucose
B
polysaccharide
C
monosaccharide
D
fructose
8

The table shows the energy that is stored in three types of organic molecules.Energy Storage in HumansWhat is the best conclusion based on this data?

Question illustration
A
Blood is a primary location for energy storage.
B
Fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars.
C
A gram of glycogen has twice as much energy as a gram of fat.
D
The human body stores approximately 1,000 kcal of glucose.
9

Hemophilia is a disease that causes uncontrollable bleeding. If a father has it, all of his daughters will be carriers of the disease. Which macromolecule is involved in how hemophilia is passed from parents to their children?

A
carbohydrate
B
lipid
C
nucleic acid
D
protein
10

In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere?

A
CO2
B
C6H12O6
C
H2O
D
ATP
11

The diagram shows a type of lipid.Which type of lipid is shown?

Question illustration
A
a saturated phospholipid
B
a saturated triglyceride
C
an unsaturated phospholipid
D
an unsaturated triglyceride
12

Which carbohydrate can be used by the body as an immediate source of energy?

A
glucose
B
cellulose
C
chitin
D
glycogen
13

Which type of protein will fight disease?

A
insulin
B
antibodies
C
ligaments
D
genes
14

Which is released during the formation of a peptide bond?

A
a five-carbon sugar
B
an amino group
C
an amino acid
D
a water molecule
15

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

A
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
B
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
C
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
D
The person’s good cholesterol would increase.
16

Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

A
The phosphate portions repel each other.
B
The hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts attract each other.
C
The phosphate portions attract water, and the lipid portions repel water.
D
The lipid portions attract water, and the phosphate portions repel water.
17

A scientist is examining the role of an element found in fats and carbohydrates of living things. This element makes up 65% of human body mass. Which statement describes the element he is studying?

A
He is studying oxygen, which can also be found in proteins.
B
He is studying oxygen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
C
He is studying nitrogen, which can also be found in proteins.
D
He is studying nitrogen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
18

Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A
Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration releases carbon back into the atmosphere.
B
Photosynthesis is part of the carbon cycle, and cellular respiration is not.
C
Only plants perform photosynthesis, and only animals perform cellular respiration.
D
Photosynthesis releases carbon into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration removes carbon from the atmosphere.

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