Unit Test Answers

1

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Which best explains what happens when an electron moves from an excited state to the ground state?

A

The electron absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy level.

B

The electron absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy level.

C

The electron releases energy as it moves to a higher energy level.

D

The electron releases energy as it moves to a lower energy level.

2

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The emission spectrum of iodine is shown below.Which is the absorption spectrum?

A

A line spectra with 4 purple lines, 6 blue lines, 3 light blue lines, 5 green-blue lines, 6 green lines, 7 yellow lines, 3 orange lines and 14 red lines.

B

A line spectra with 6 purple lines, 9 blue lines, 6 light blue lines, 3 green-blue lines, 6 green lines, 2 yellow lines, 5 orange lines and 10 red lines.

C

A line spectra with 2 black lines in purple, 6 black lines in blue, 3 black lines in light blue, 1 black line in green-blue, 10 black lines in green, 8 black lines in yellow, 6 black lines in orange and 8 black lines in red.

D

A line spectra with 4 black lines in purple, 8 black lines in blue, 6 black lines in light blue, 3 black line in green-blue, 10 black lines in green, 4 black lines in yellow, 4 black lines in orange and 12 black lines in red.

3

Bethany and Joquin are discussing theories about the universe. Bethany believes that since the beginning of the universe, galaxies have been moving, and will continue to move, toward Earth. Joquin argues that galaxies have been moving away from Earth.

A

nucleosynthesis

B

cosmic microwave background radiation

C

composition of stars

D

redshift

4

What occurs as energy is transferred through the convective zone of the Sun? Check all that apply.Gamma rays are converted into different types of photons.Photons are absorbed by hot gas atoms.Energy is transferred through the large-scale movement of material.Photons are scattered in many directions.Energy is released into the photosphere.

A

Gamma rays are converted into different types of photons.

B

Photons are absorbed by hot gas atoms.

C

Energy is transferred through the large-scale movement of material.

D

Photons are scattered in many directions.

E

Energy is released into the photosphere.

5

What is released when an excited electron returns to a lower energy state?

A

an isotope

B

a proton

C

electricity

D

electromagnetic radiation

6

Four students made a graphic organizer describing the parts of the atom.Which table best describes the parts of the atom?

A

A 3 column table with 3 rows. The first column is labeled particle with entries proton, electron, neutron. The second column is labeled charge with entries positive, 0, negative. The last column is labeled location with entries outside nucleus, outside nucleus, inside nucleus.

B

A 3 column table with 3 rows. The first column is labeled particle with entries proton, electron, neutron. The second column is labeled charge with entries negative, 0, negative. The last column is labeled location with entries inside nucleus, outside nucleus, inside nucleus.

C

A 3 column table with 3 rows. The first column is labeled particle with entries proton, electron, neutron. The second column is labeled charge with entries 0, negative, positive. The last column is labeled location with entries outside nucleus, inside nucleus, inside nucleus.

D

A 3 column table with 3 rows. The first column is labeled particle with entries proton, electron, neutron. The second column is labeled charge with entries positive, negative, 0. The last column is labeled location with entries inside nucleus, outside nucleus, inside nucleus.

7

Which shows the correct order of events during the process of nucleosynthesis?

A

hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, helium nucleus formed

B

helium nucleus formed, hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed

C

hydrogen nucleus formed, helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed

D

helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, hydrogen nucleus formed

8

What causes the appearance of lines in an emission spectrum?

A

Light is absorbed as an electron moves to a higher energy state.

B

Light is released as an electron moves to a lower energy state.

C

An electron is released as light when it moves to a lower energy state.

D

An electron is released as light when it moves to a higher energy state.

9

less thantwo times greater thanthe same asthree times greater than

A

less than

B

two times greater than

C

the same as

D

three times greater than

10

Once an object enters orbit, what keeps the object moving sideways?

A

inertia

B

gravity

C

centripetal force

D

air resistance

11

Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?

A

hydrogen and helium

B

hydrogen and oxygen

C

oxygen and nitrogen

D

helium and nitrogen

12

Victor drew a diagram to show the life cycle of a low-mass star.

A

red supergiant

B

black hole

C

white dwarf

D

supernova

13

The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is used to show the relationship between which two characteristics of stars?

A

luminosity and temperature

B

mass and luminosity

C

temperature and mass

D

mass and color

14

Which quantities decrease as the distance between a planet and the Sun increases? Check all that apply.tangential speedmassgravitational forcearea swept out in a daydistance traveled in a day

A

tangential speed

B

mass

C

gravitational force

D

area swept out in a day

E

distance traveled in a day

15

If it takes a planet 2.8 × 108 s to orbit a star with a mass of 6.2 × 1030 kg, what is the average distance between the planet and the star?

A

1.43 × 109 m

B

9.36 × 1011 m

C

5.42 × 1013 m

D

9.06 × 1017 m

16

Which excited electron has the lowest energy?

A

A green dot in the middle of 5 concentric circles. The first away from the green dot is labeled n = 1. The second circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 2. The third circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 3. The fourth away from the green dot is labeled n = 4 and the last is labeled n = 5. There is an orange dot on the n = 5 circle.

B

A green dot in the middle of 5 concentric circles. The first away from the green dot is labeled n = 1. The second circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 2. The third circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 3. The fourth away from the green dot is labeled n = 4 and the last is labeled n = 5. There is an orange dot on the n = 4 circle.

C

A green dot in the middle of 5 concentric circles. The first away from the green dot is labeled n = 1. The second circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 2. The third circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 3. The fourth away from the green dot is labeled n = 4 and the last is labeled n = 5. There is an orange dot on the n = 3 circle.

D

A green dot in the middle of 5 concentric circles. The first away from the green dot is labeled n = 1. The second circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 2. The third circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 3. The fourth away from the green dot is labeled n = 4 and the last is labeled n = 5. There is an orange dot on the n = 2 circle.

17

The image shows how Earth orbits the Sun. Points W and X are the same distance from the Sun.

A

Earth is speeding up at W and slowing down at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.

B

Earth is slowing down at W and speeding up at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.

C

The speed of Earth is the same at W as at X because the force on Earth is the same at W as at X.

D

The speed of Earth is greater at W than at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.

18

The graph shows the distribution of energy emitted by a star.

A

It has a lower temperature than the Sun because its peak wavelength is longer than the Sun’s.

B

It has a lower temperature than the Sun because its peak wavelength is shorter than the Sun’s.

C

It has a higher temperature than the Sun because its peak wavelength is longer than the Sun’s.

D

It has a higher temperature than the Sun because its peak wavelength is shorter than the Sun’s.

19

How is mass-energy equivalence demonstrated in the Sun?

A

Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.

B

Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.

C

Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.

D

Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.

20

A green dot in the middle of 4 concentric circles. The first away from the green dot is labeled n = 1. The second circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 2. The third circle away from the green dot is labeled n = 3 and the last is labeled n = 4. There is an arrow from n = 4 to n = 1 labeled A. There is an arrow from n = 3 to n = 2 labeled B. There is an arrow from n = 3 to n = 1 labeled C. There is an arrow from n = 2 to n = 1 labeled D.

A

B

C

D

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