Unit Test Answers

Which feature of an online publication makes it a credible source?

Read this excerpt from We’ve Got a Job: The 1963 Children’s March.When Reverend and Mrs. Shuttlesworth and their daughters, Pat and Ricky, arrived at Phillips, one of the city's four all-white high schools, a crowd of white men attacked them. They beat and kicked the minister nearly senseless and scarred his face, stabbed Mrs. Shuttlesworth, and slammed the car door on Ricky's ankle.Which part of the narrative structure does the author develop in this excerpt?

What is the central idea of Langston Hughes’s poem "Mother to Son"?

Read the sentence.My father was livid when another driver crashed into the back of our van, but my mother was delighted instead of upset because we would get a new car.Which word in the sentence gives a clue about the meaning of the word livid?

Read this excerpt about Angel Island, an immigration station in the 1900s.Located in San Francisco Bay in northern California, Angel Island opened in 1910 to process a wave of European immigrants expected to come through the Panama Canal. But when World War I began, the wave never came.However, immigration from across the Pacific Ocean rose thanks to crises around the world. These included the civil war in Mexico, the Russian Revolution, the massacre of Armenians, the Japanese invasion of China, and worldwide effects of the Great Depression. More than half the immigrants came from China or Japan. In spite of the odds, America still offered the hope for a better future.Angel Island was called the “Ellis Island of the West.” But from the start, it was more like a detention center than an immigration center. The roughly one million immigrants entering the United States through Angel Island were processed but not welcomed.

Read this excerpt about Angel Island, an immigration station in the 1900s.Immigrants were detained for days, weeks, or months. They underwent unpleasant health exams and interviews designed to judge whether their claims were correct. Their answers had to match those of the US citizen they claimed as a relation, or they would be deported.“They grilled us incessantly day after day,” said Don Kingman, a Chinese man who was, in fact, born in Oakland, California. At the age of five, his family moved to Hong Kong. But when he returned at age eighteen, he was sent through Angel Island. “They asked insignificant questions which were significant for them. How many steps do you have in front of your house? What did your mother have for breakfast? What is the name of your grandmother?”Aged sixteen in 1935, Lester Tom Lee immigrated to America by himself. He was detained for about two months.“The main reason I was detained so long was that my father and I gave the inspectors different dates about when I departed China,” Lee said. “The Chinese lunar calendar is about a month off from the American calendar! Aya!”

Read this excerpt about Angel Island, an immigration station in the 1900s."They grilled us incessantly day after day,” said Don Kingman, a Chinese man who was, in fact, born in Oakland, California. At the age of five, his family moved to Hong Kong. But when he returned at age eighteen, he was sent through Angel Island. "They asked insignificant questions which were significant for them. How many steps do you have in front of your house? What did your mother have for breakfast? What is the name of your grandmother?”

Read this excerpt about Angel Island, an immigration station in the 1900s.The isolation and despair that everyone felt at Angel Island were expressed in the poetry that detainees carved into the walls of the buildings. The majority of these were written by the Chinese. Here is an example:Nights are long and the pillow cold; who can pity my loneliness? After experiencing such loneliness and sorrow,Why not just return home and learn to plow the fields?

Read this excerpt from The Spirit of Alcatraz.Demonstrators first started coming to Alcatraz after the US government closed the prison in 1963 and declared the property "surplus federal land.” Officials wanted to sell the island to a private developer, but some American Indian leaders had other ideas. They pointed out that a treaty between the United States and the Sioux said all abandoned federal land should be returned to Native people.The first group of American Indian protestors arrived in March 1964 and occupied Alcatraz for four hours. The small group of Sioux demonstrators offered to pay the US government $9.40 for the island, or 47 cents per acre – the same amount the government was paying to use tribal lands.Activists decided to state a larger action five years later, after the federal government offered to turn Alcatraz into a national park. On the morning of November 20, 1969, seventy-nine American Indians, many of them college students, set off for the island and began their occupation.

Read this excerpt from "The Spirit of Alcatraz."The name Alcatraz makes people all over the world think of the infamous prison that used to be there. But the small island in the San Francisco Bay has a different meaning for many American Indians, who see it as a symbol of freedom.

Read this excerpt from "The Spirit of Alcatraz."Protest leaders say the occupation led to new federal laws that recognized American Indian tribes and gave them more control over their daily lives. Additionally, the government decided to drop its plan to sell Alcatraz to developers. Today, the island is a National Historic Landmark that sees more than a million visitors each year.But activists say their most important accomplishment was changing the way American Indians looked at themselves. As activist John Trudell puts it, "Alcatraz put me back into my community and helped me remember who I am. It was a rekindling of the spirit.”

Read this excerpt from "The Spirit of Alcatraz.”But activists say their most important accomplishment was changing the way American Indians looked at themselves. As activist John Trudell puts it, "Alcatraz put me back into my community and helped me remember who I am. It was a rekindling of the spirit.”Each year, American Indians from different tribes pay tribute to that spirit by returning to the island on Columbus Day and Thanksgiving to remember the occupation with a Sunrise Ceremony for Indigenous Peoples.

Langston Hughes’s poem “Dreams” praises dreams, while “Dawn in New York” praises

What is the central idea of Langston Hughes’s poem “Dreams”?

In Langston Hughes’s poem “Dreams,” a “broken-winged bird” is a metaphor for

Which lines from "Dawn in New York" suggest that the morning commute is beginning?

Read this excerpt from We Beat the Street.They were scheduled for precalculus, biology, chemistry, computer skills, English, and critical-thinking courses. The courses were intense and demanding, with no tolerance for the sloppy work and careless attitudes of high school.

Read this excerpt from We Beat the Street."You’re just plain lazy! You think this is hard? Wait until you’re pulling twenty-four-hour shifts as a resident in a hospital. Wait until you hold someone’s life in your hands and that person is depending on YOU to have the skill and knowledge to save his life.” She whipped back into her lecturing voice. "Strict personal discipline and adherence to rules are absolutely necessary for a doctor’s success!” She glared at him."I’m not lazy,” Rameck replied sullenly. "I’m just not used to all this discipline.”"Get used to it!” Carla snapped back at him. "You’re one of the brightest young men I’ve ever met! Discipline won’t kill you. Carelessness will.”

What is the purpose of Steve Jobs’s commencement speech?

Read this excerpt from Ray Bradbury’s commencement speech.And then you gather around you the people who do believe in you—your parents and a few friends, if you're lucky. We don't have many friends in this world; but the few that do believe in you—and then you move on into the future. I try to do that.

Read this excerpt from Steve Jobs’s commencement speech.But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.

Read this excerpt from "Painting Freedom on the Walls."When a wave of Mexican settlers began to come to San Diego in the 1890s, many of them made their home in an area known as Logan Heights. Soon that area was called Barrio Logan. (In Spanish, a barrio is a neighborhood.) At first, Barrio Logan was a neighborhood of homes and shops that stretched from well inland all the way to San Diego Bay, and the people had access to the beach. Then, during World War II, the beach was closed. In the 1950s, the city changed the zoning of the area so that industry could move into the neighborhood. Soon, the barrio was spotted with noisy, dirty junkyards. In the 1960s, Interstate 5 and ramps for the San Diego-Coronado Bridge cut Barrio Logan in half. About 5,000 homes were destroyed in the process.By this time, the residents were very angry about the terrible damage to their barrio. They protested loudly. Finally, the City Council of San Diego promised them a park to help make up for the damage. The council set aside land for that purpose. And then, in 1970, bulldozers arrived to turn the land into a parking lot. A student, Mario Solis, saw them, asked what was going on, and started spreading the word. Within a few hours, there were 250 people in the park, blocking the bulldozers.The people of Barrio Logan won their battle and got their park. They planted cactus and other native plants, but there was something missing. An artist named Salvador Torres came up with the idea of putting murals on the concrete pillars that supported the freeway. Chicano Park was born.

Read this excerpt from "Painting Freedom on the Walls."California was first settled by Native Americans and, later, by Spanish and Mexican explorers and missionaries. In fact, California was once part of Mexico, and Mexican cultural traditions were very strong. But after California became a part of the United States, those traditions were deliberately ignored and neglected.Murals have been the perfect way to make the Mexican history of California visible again. Chicano Park in San Diego and Balmy Alley in San Francisco are places where murals bloom like wildly colored cactus flowers against the grey background of the city. And each of these places has a story.

Read this excerpt from "Painting Freedom on the Walls.”When a wave of Mexican settlers began to come to San Diego in the 1890s, many of them made their home in an area known as Logan Heights. Soon that area was called Barrio Logan. (In Spanish, a barrio is a neighborhood.) At first, Barrio Logan was a neighborhood of homes and shops that stretched from well inland all the way to San Diego Bay, and the people had access to the beach. Then, during World War II, the beach was closed. In the 1950s, the city changed the zoning of the area so that industry could move into the neighborhood. Soon, the barrio was spotted with noisy, dirty junkyards. In the 1960s, Interstate 5 and ramps for the San Diego-Coronado Bridge cut Barrio Logan in half. About 5,000 homes were destroyed in the process.By this time, the residents were very angry about the terrible damage to their barrio. They protested loudly. Finally, the City Council of San Diego promised them a park to help make up for the damage. The council set aside land for that purpose. And then, in 1970, bulldozers arrived to turn the land into a parking lot. A student, Mario Solis, saw them, asked what was going on, and started spreading the word. Within a few hours, there were 250 people in the park, blocking the bulldozers.The people of Barrio Logan won their battle and got their park. They planted cactus and other native plants, but there was something missing. An artist named Salvador Torres came up with the idea of putting murals on the concrete pillars that supported the freeway. Chicano Park was born.The murals of Chicano Park are filled with the colors, the history, and the heroes of Mexican America. They are painted by professional artists and by community groups. There is even one mural painted entirely by children. They are visible reminders of the Mexican cultural heritage of the city.

Read this excerpt from "Painting Freedom on the Walls."There are many ways to honor a heritage, express a yearning for freedom, and celebrate a culture. Art is one of the most positive of those ways, and public art is one of the most effective. A remarkable illustration of this truth is the “freedom mural.” This kind of public art that has been created by the Latino community of California for more than half a century.Since a mural is a large painting on a wall, you need a wall to make a mural. It’s easy to find a wall in most California cities. There are blank walls on the sides of buildings and bridges and overpasses. And there are a lot of bright, sunny days that are perfect for painting pictures of everything from mountains to flowers to cultural heroes. There is also something very important in California that was made invisible for a long time.