20
QuizMultiple Choice

Waves — Test

Question 20 • Physics in the Universe

Which statement correctly compares the three main earthquake magnitude or intensity scales used by scientists?

Answer
A
The Richter scale measures total energy; the Mercalli scale measures wave amplitude; the moment magnitude scale is based on structural damage.
B
The Richter scale and the Mercalli scale both measure energy released; the moment magnitude scale is based on structural damage.
C
The Mercalli scale calculates total energy released, the moment magnitude scale measures wave amplitude, and the Richter scale is based on observed damage.
D
The moment magnitude scale calculates total energy released, the Richter scale estimates wave amplitude, and the Mercalli scale describes observed damage.

Explanation

The moment magnitude scale estimates an earthquake’s size from seismic moment, which is related to the energy released. The Richter scale is based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by instruments. The Mercalli intensity scale describes the shaking’s observed effects and damage at a location, so D correctly matches all three.

AI-written and checked against the verified answer.

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