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Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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During photosynthesis, sunlight shining on a plant is absorbed. Through several chemical reactions, the plant produces sugar, a high-energy compound, from simpler substances. What energy transformation occurs during this process?

A
thermal energy to chemical energy
B
electromagnetic energy to chemical energy
C
kinetic energy to potential energy
D
potential energy to chemical energy
22
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An atom bonds with another atom. What is the best classification for this reaction?

A
endothermic
B
chemical
C
nuclear
D
redox
23

Which of these acids occurs naturally in the body and performs important regulatory functions?

A
carbonic acid
B
acetic acid
C
magnesium hydroxide
D
sodium hydroxide
24

Which compound plays an important role in leather processing and electroplating?

A
nitric acid
B
hydrochloric acid
C
ammonia
D
magnesium hydroxide
25

A student uses the value 0.0821 L• atm/mol • K for the gas constant in the ideal gas law. What are the most appropriate units for pressure, volume, and temperature in this case?

A
P has the units of atm, V has units of milliliters, and T has the units of kelvin.
B
P has the units of mmHg, V has units of liters, and T has the units of degrees Celsius.
C
P has the units of atm, V has the units of liters, and T has units of kelvin.
D
P has units of liters, V has units of liters, and T has units of degrees Celsius.
26

Which statement about the self-ionization of water is correct?

A
Two water molecules interact to form a water molecule and a hydroxide ion.
B
Two water molecules interact to form a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion.
C
Two water molecules interact to form two hydronium ions.
D
Two water molecules interact to form two hydroxide ions.
27

Which element is nuclear fusion least likely to produce?

A
hydrogen, which has an approximate mass of 1
B
chlorine, which has an approximate mass of 35
C
argon, which has an approximate mass of 39
D
silicon, which has an approximate mass of 28
28

Which best describes nuclear fission?

A
A nucleus spontaneously splits and absorbs energy.
B
Two nuclei spontaneously combine and absorb energy.
C
A nucleus collides with a neutron and splits, releasing energy.
D
Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
29

Which is the best example of potential energy?

A
holding a basketball in the air
B
rolling a ball across a flat table
C
flowing electric current through a wire
D
turning on a flashlight in a dark room
30

A substance with a high pOH would likely have which of the following?

A
A low [H+ ] and a high pH
B
A low [OH– ] and a high pH
C
A high [OH– ] and a low pH
D
A high [H+ ] and a low pH
31

The graph below shows how solubility changes with temperature.What is the solubility of Na2HAsO4 at 60°C?

Question illustration
A
20 g/100 mL of water
B
46 g/100 mL of water
C
65 g/100 mL of water
D
70 g/100 mL of water
32

What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 1.25 10–10 M?Use .

Question illustration
A
–10.1
B
–9.90
C
7.90
D
9.90
33

Which is true about the dissolving process in water?

A
Nonpolar solutes dissolve easily in water.
B
Solute molecules surround water molecules.
C
Molecules or ions of a solute spread throughout the water molecules.
D
Water molecules are repelled by solute ions at the surface of the solute.
34

Which proportionality applies to Avogadro’s law?

A
mc002-1.jpg
Option A
B
mc002-2.jpg
Option B
C
mc002-3.jpg
Option C
D
mc002-4.jpg
Option D
35

A baseball player hits a ball. Which is the best description of the energy of the ball as it flies over the pitcher’s head?

A
chemical
B
kinetic
C
nuclear
D
thermal
36

What is the temperature of 0.750 mol of a gas stored in a 6,850 mL cylinder at 2.21 atm?Use and .

Question illustration
A
2.95 K
B
5.24 K
C
138 K
D
246 K
37

A student was comparing the solubility of equal amounts of table salt and table sugar at different temperatures.The table below shows the four samples that the student used and the temperature of the water that they were dissolved in.SampleNameChemical formulaTemperature of water (°C)1Table sugarC12H22O11 802Table sugarC12H22O11 453Table salt NaCl 554Table saltNaCl 63Which of the samples most likely had the highest solubility?

A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
38

Which is an example of dissociation?

A
C + O2 CO2
Option A
B
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH–
Option B
C
SO2 + H2O HSO3– + H+
Option C
D
Ca3(PO4)2 3Ca2+ + 2PO43–
Option D
39

Which law states that the volume and absolute temperature of a fixed quantity of gas are directly proportional under constant pressure conditions?

A
Boyle’s law
B
Charles’s law
C
Dalton’s law
D
Gay-Lussac’s law
40

The balanced equation below shows the products that are formed when butane (C4H10) is combusted. 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2OWhat is the mole ratio of butane to carbon dioxide?

Question illustration
A
2:8
B
1:5
C
13:8
D
13:10

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