Answers2627 EARTH SPACE SCIENCE AThe Sun

Lesson 9.3 The Solar System Answers

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1
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Which two gaseous giants did Renaissance scientists such as Galileo know about?

A
Jupiter and Saturn
B
Mars and Neptune
C
Neptune and Uranus
D
Uranus and Saturn
2
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What do comets and asteroids have in common?

A
They are made of ice.
B
They orbit the Sun.
C
They are made of metal debris.
D
They are at the center of the solar system.
3

How did Kepler’s discoveries contribute to astronomy?

A
They supported the heliocentric model.
B
They established the laws of planetary motion.
C
They explained how the Sun rises and sets.
D
They made astronomy accessible to people who spoke Italian.
4

Which event took place during the Copernican revolution, when most people started to believe in a heliocentric model of the solar system?

A
Aristotle developed his model of the solar system.
B
Copernicus rediscovered Aristarchus’s heliocentric model.
C
Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
D
Newton’s theories of gravity were dismissed and considered invalid.
5

How did Kepler describe the planets’ orbits?

A
The planets’ orbits are circular.
B
The planets’ orbits are elliptical.
C
The planets and the Sun orbit Earth.
D
The planets have miniature orbits called epicycles.
6

Which idea was supported by Aristarchus, Copernicus, and Galileo?

A
The planets have epicycles.
B
The planets revolve around the Sun.
C
The stars rotate around the Sun.
D
The center of the solar system is Earth.
7

Which describes one way that Aristarchus's explanation of the movement of objects in the sky was different from other scientists' earlier explanations?

A
He discovered Venus’s phases.
B
He argued that Earth rotates on its axis.
C
He explained the concept of retrograde motion.
D
He described the epicycles of the planets in the sky.
8

Which two gaseous giants did Renaissance scientists such as Galileo know about?

A
Jupiter and Saturn
B
Mars and Neptune
C
Neptune and Uranus
D
Uranus and Saturn
9

In addition to proposing that planetary orbits are elliptical, what other modification did Kepler make to Copernicus’s model?

A
Planets closer to the Sun move faster.
B
Planets spin in an epicycle while orbiting Earth.
C
Venus has phases due to its orbiting of the Sun.
D
Earth’s rotation causes the rising and setting of the Sun.
10

Which describes one way that Aristarchus's explanation of the movement of objects in the sky was different from other scientists' earlier explanations?

A
He discovered Venus’s phases.
B
He argued that Earth rotates on its axis.
C
He explained the concept of retrograde motion.
D
He described the epicycles of the planets in the sky.
11

Look at the image of the solar system.

Question illustration
A
Earth
B
Jupiter
C
Mercury
D
Neptune
12

Why was Copernicus’s heliocentric model not believed until Galileo and Kepler provided more evidence?

A
The model had the moon orbiting Earth.
B
The model was against religious teachings.
C
The model could not explain retrograde motion.
D
The model did not include all eight planets in the solar system.
13

How did Kepler describe the planets’ orbits?

A
The planets’ orbits are circular.
B
The planets’ orbits are elliptical.
C
The planets and the Sun orbit Earth.
D
The planets have miniature orbits called epicycles.
14

How did Kepler’s discoveries contribute to astronomy?

A
They supported the heliocentric model.
B
They established the laws of planetary motion.
C
They explained how the Sun rises and sets.
D
They made astronomy accessible to people who spoke Italian.
15

Look at the diagram of the solar system.

Question illustration
A
orbit speed
B
the phases of Venus
C
retrograde motion
D
the rising of the Sun
16

Which event took place during the Copernican revolution, when most people started to believe in a heliocentric model of the solar system?

A
Aristotle developed his model of the solar system.
B
Copernicus rediscovered Aristarchus’s heliocentric model.
C
Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
D
Newton’s theories of gravity were dismissed and considered invalid.
17

Look at the diagram of the solar system.

Question illustration
A
orbit speed
B
the phases of Venus
C
retrograde motion
D
the rising of the Sun
18

Look at the image of the solar system.

Question illustration
A
Earth
B
Jupiter
C
Mercury
D
Neptune
19

Why was Copernicus’s heliocentric model not believed until Galileo and Kepler provided more evidence?

A
The model had the moon orbiting Earth.
B
The model was against religious teachings.
C
The model could not explain retrograde motion.
D
The model did not include all eight planets in the solar system.
20

Which idea did Ptolemy’s model use to explain why the planets appeared to move backward as they moved in their orbits?

A
The planets spun in epicycles.
B
The planets rotated on their axes.
C
The planets revolved around the Sun.
D
The planets were made of different materials.

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