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Modern Physics — Test Answers

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Which statement best describes the ideas of two scientists who studied properties of light?

A
Huygens agreed with Maxwell that light has properties of both particles and waves.
B
Newton and Maxwell had similar ideas about light being made of particles.
C
Young supported Newton’s idea of the wave theory of light after observing light spread out in all directions.
D
Hertz extended Maxwell’s idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
3
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Chris is studying the theories of Newton and Einstein. Which theory explains why gravity between two objects changes when the distance between them changes?

A
Newton’s theory because he suggested that the greater the distance between objects, the weaker the pull of gravity
B
Einstein’s theory because he suggested that the more distance there is between objects, the more space-time curves and the greater the strength of gravity is
C
Einstein’s theory because he suggested that the more distance there is between objects, the more space-time curves and the weaker the strength of gravity is
D
Newton’s theory because he suggested that the greater the distance between objects, the greater the pull of gravity
5

Which best describes cosmic microwave background radiation?

A
radiation that existed before the big bang
B
radiation predicted to exist in millions of years
C
leftover radiation from the big bang
D
radiation thought to exist but not yet measured
6

Heinrich Hertz used properties of which type of wave to support the idea that light is also made of waves?

A
radio
B
microwave
C
infrared
D
gamma
7

A photon has 8 point 0 times 10 to the negative 15 power cap j of energy. Planck’s constant is 6 point 6 3 times 10 to the negative 34 power times cap j times s What is the frequency of the photon?

A
1 point 2 1 times 10 to the 19th power Hz
B
8 point 3 times 10 to the 20th power Hz
C
1 point 2 1 times 10 to the negative 19 power Hz
D
8 point 3 times 10 to the negative 20 power Hz
8

Which best explains a difference between Einstein’s general theory of relativity and his special theory of relativity?

A
His general theory includes uniform and accelerated motion, but his special theory applies only to uniform motion.
B
His general theory applies only to accelerated motion, but his special theory includes uniform and accelerated motion.
C
His general theory applies only to uniform motion, but his special theory includes uniform and accelerated motion.
D
His general theory includes uniform and accelerated motion, but his special theory applies only to accelerated motion.
9

Which describes a relationship based on the general theory of relativity?

A
Acceleration in space and gravity on Earth have the same effects on objects.
B
Acceleration in space and magnetism on Earth have the same effects on objects.
C
Acceleration in space and magnetism on Earth have opposite effects on objects.
D
Acceleration in space and gravity on Earth have opposite effects on objects.
11

J.J. Thompson is credited with discovering the

A
proton.
B
nucleus.
C
neutron.
D
electron.
12

What is the main difference between the Schrödinger model and the Bohr atomic model?

A
Bohr believed that the electrons circle the nucleus because positive particles attract negative particles, while Schrödinger believed that an electron was a wave.
B
Schrödinger believed that electrons could only exist in orbits, but Bohr stated that electrons could be found anywhere in the atom.
C
Bohr believed electron orbits were circular, but Schrödinger’s equations represent complex shapes describing the probable locations of electrons.
D
The Bohr model did not explain the emission and absorption spectrum, but the energy levels described by Schrödinger explained this property.
13

Which statement is supported by Einstein’s postulates of special relativity?

A
The speed of light through empty space is constant regardless of the state of motion of the observer.
B
The speed of light through empty space depends on the state of motion of the observer.
C
The laws of physics change, depending on the reference frame of the observer.
D
The laws of physics change, depending on the state of motion of the observer.
14

What is luminosity?

A
the amount of energy a star emits in a unit of time
B
the degree of shift toward the red end of the spectrum
C
the average temperature of a star during its life cycle
D
the brightness of a star as seen from Earth
15

According to the big bang theory, which describes the universe before the actual big bang occurred?

A
single, hot, dense point smaller than an atom
B
multiple, cold, dense points, each larger than the Sun
C
single, cold, dense point larger than the Sun
D
multiple, hot, dense points, each smaller than an atom
16

Which describes the results of the double slit experiment? Choose two correct answers.

A
Beams of light separated as they passed through a prism.
B
Results supported the particle theory of light.
C
Results supported the wave theory of light.
D
Results demonstrated the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.
E
Waves produced a diffraction pattern.
17

Which describes what an outside observer at rest would observe about a spaceship that speeds up and approaches the speed of light?

A
Time moves faster on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship decreases.
B
Time moves more slowly on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship decreases.
C
Time moves more slowly on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship increases.
D
Time moves faster on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship increases.
18

Redshifts were used as supporting evidence for the big bang theory. Which describes redshifts? Choose three correct answers.

A
The light source and observer move closer together.
B
The light source and observer move farther apart.
C
Observed light shifts to a shorter wavelength.
D
They indicate receding galaxies.
E
Observed light shifts to a longer wavelength.
F
They indicate approaching galaxies.
20

Which best describes how to correct Wilam’s error?

A
The second result should state that just before light struck the metal, electrons were ejected.
B
The third result should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons.
C
The second result should state that as soon as light struck the metal, protons were ejected.
D
The first result should state that frequencies of light that were lower than the frequency threshold of the metal could not eject electrons.
22

Which best describes Kathy’s error?

A
Nebulae formed around 10 to the 9th power y after hydrogen and helium formed.
B
Protons formed first, then neutrons formed at 100 s .
C
Quarks and electrons formed at 10 to the negative 35 power s , not 10 to the negative 10 power s .
D
Hydrogen and helium were created at 3000 s , before nebulae formed.
23

What is the best explanation for why a particle is striking point X?

A
When the dense, positive alpha particle passes close to a positive nucleus of gold, the alpha particle repels and hits the screen at point X.
B
The gold atoms contain negative electrons, so when alpha particles strike the gold they keep moving but in various directions.
C
If an alpha particle hits the gold foil, a gold nucleus splits and a particle from it flies out at point X.
D
Alpha particles are mostly empty space, so they move in random directions, and one of these alpha particles can strike point X.
24

Which statement is supported by this scenario?

A
The spotter above the tunnel will observe the speed of the spy as 95 kilometers per hour , and the person in the car will observe the speed of the spy as 200 kilometers per hour .
B
The person in the car and the spotter above the tunnel will both observe the speed of the person on the train as 95 kilometers per hour .
C
The person in the helicopter will observe the speed of the spy as 95 kilometers per hour , and the person in the car will observe the speed of the spy as 105 kilometers per hour .
D
The person in the helicopter and the spotter above the tunnel will both observe the speed of the person on the train as 95 kilometers per hour .
25

Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy?

A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D

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