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Nuclear Physics — Test Answers

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Carla sees an equation that models a nuclear change. 1 squared cap h plus 1 cubed cap h to 2 to the 4th power He plus 0 to the 1th power n Which nuclear process does the equation illustrate?

A
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
B
nuclear fission, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
C
nuclear fission, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
D
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
2
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Which are associated with nuclear fission but are not associated with nuclear fusion? Choose three correct answers.

A
neutrons striking nuclei
B
two small nuclei forming
C
a single large nucleus breaking apart
D
the release of large amounts of energy
E
two small nuclei joining together
3

Compared with the peak wavelength given off by the Sun, what is the peak wavelength given off by a hotter star?

A
longer in wavelength and lower in energy
B
longer in wavelength and higher in energy
C
shorter in wavelength and higher in energy
D
shorter in wavelength and lower in energy
4

Which change occurs when an atom undergoes alpha decay?

A
The nucleus loses mass and a new element is produced.
B
The nucleus loses a neutron and remains the same element.
C
The nucleus loses energy and remains the same element.
D
The nucleus gains a proton and a new element is produced.
6

Which is the best predictor of the radioactive nature of an isotope?

A
the neutron-to-electron ratio
B
the neutron-to-proton ratio
C
the proton-to-electron ratio
D
the electron-to-proton ratio
7

How is mass-energy equivalence demonstrated in the Sun?

A
Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.
B
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.
C
Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
D
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
8

What conditions are required for nuclear fusion?

A
low temperature and low pressure
B
low temperature and high pressure
C
high temperature and low pressure
D
high temperature and high pressure
10

What is the first step of the hydrogen fusion process?

A
1 to the 1th power cap h plus 1 to the 1th power cap h rightarrow 1 squared cap h plus e raised to the plus plus v power plus energy
B
6 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus 2 times open paren negative 1 to the 0 power e close paren rightarrow 2 to the 4th power He plus 2 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus energy plus 2 v
C
2 cubed He plus 2 cubed He rightarrow 2 to the 4th power He plus 2 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus energy
D
1 squared cap h plus 1 to the 1th power cap h rightarrow 2 cubed cap h e plus energy
11

Which are methods of reducing exposure to ionizing radiation? Choose three correct answers.

A
using a short burst of X-rays to take an image
B
taking an X-ray image of large areas of the body at once
C
picking up radioactive material by hand to avoid dropping it
D
taking an image of the smallest possible area
E
using a lead apron during medical X-rays
12

What hazard is associated with ionizing radiation?

A
It destroys atoms in molecules, which can cause genetic mutations.
B
It creates charged particles that can take part in chemical reactions in cells.
C
It undergoes radioactive decay, which can damage DNA in cells.
D
It causes radiation sickness as a result of any exposure.
14

Which are advantages of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity? Choose three correct answers.

A
Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon dioxide emissions.
B
Nuclear power is readily available.
C
Nuclear power has a high output.
D
Nuclear power uses nonharmful fuel.
E
Nuclear power produces no hazardous byproducts.
15

How are nuclear reactions used to meet the world’s energy needs?

A
Both fusion and fission are used to generate electricity, but more fission reactors than fusion reactors are in use.
B
Both fusion and fission are used to generate electricity, but more fusion reactors than fission reactors are in use.
C
Fusion reactors are used to generate electricity, but fission is not yet practical enough to be used.
D
Fission reactors are used to generate electricity, but fusion is not yet practical enough to be used.
17

Which nuclear process does the model illustrate?

A
nuclear fission, because nuclei combine
B
nuclear fusion, because nuclei combine
C
nuclear fission, because a nucleus breaks apart
D
nuclear fusion, because a nucleus breaks apart
19

Which is the best region for each label?

A
Label 1: X Label 2: Z Label 3: Z
B
Label 1: Z Label 2: X Label 3: Y
C
Label 1: X Label 2: Z Label 3: X
D
Label 1: X Label 2: Z Label 3: Y
20

Which expression should Trudy write?

A
6 m sub p plus 8 m sub e minus m sub cap c minus 14
B
open paren 8 m sub p plus 6 m sub n close paren minus m sub cap c minus 14
C
open paren 6 m sub p plus 8 m sub n close paren minus m sub cap c minus 14
D
m sub p plus m sub n minus m sub cap c minus 14

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