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If a scientist wanted to follow Mendel’s experiment with a different kind of plant, which type of plant would she examine?

A plant that has only two alleles for a trait.

A plant that has three alleles for a trait.

A plant that has only recessive alleles.

A plant that cannot self-pollinate.

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Which characteristic of life best describes the life cycle of a frog?

using energy

having cells

responding to the environment

growing and developing

Which of these could be a nucleotide of DNA?

ribose plus phosphate group plus uracil

ribose plus phosphate group plus thymine

deoxyribose plus phosphate group plus thymine

deoxyribose plus phosphate group plus uracil

How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis?

two

four

three

one

How does the cell wall protect a plant cell?

The cell wall is on the inside of the cell and serves to contain the contents of the cell.

The cell wall protects the cell by providing support and maintaining the cell's shape.

The cell wall protects the cell by storing food so the plant doesn't run out.

The cell wall is thin and flexible, which allows the cell to be moved without harming the organelles.

Pea plants can have yellow seeds or green seeds. Which conclusion about the meaning of Y is correct if the allele combination Yy is for yellow seeds?

green and recessive

yellow and dominant

yellow and recessive

green and dominant

Drosophila eye color is an X-linked trait. Red eye color is dominant, and white eye color is recessive. Which Punnett square shows a cross in which the probability that offspring will be red-eyed males is 25 percent?

Image with description 2 by 2 Punnett square. Columns labeled X superscript lowercase r and Y. Rows labeled X superscript uppercase R and X superscript uppercase R. Top row: X superscript uppercase R X superscript lowercase r, X superscript uppercase R Y. Bottom row: X superscript uppercase R X superscript lowercase r, X superscript uppercase R Y.

Image with description 2 by 2 Punnett square. Columns labeled X superscript lowercase r and Y. Rows labeled X superscript uppercase R and X superscript lowercase r. Top row: X superscript uppercase R X superscript lowercase r, X superscript uppercase R Y. Bottom row: X superscript lowercase r X superscript lowercase r, X superscript lowercase r Y.

Image with description 2 by 2 Punnett square. Columns labeled X superscript lowercase r and Y. Rows labeled X superscript lowercase r and X superscript lowercase r. Top row: X superscript lowercase r X superscript lowercase r, X superscript lowercase r Y. Bottom row: X superscript lowercase r X superscript lowercase r, X superscript lowercase r Y.

Image with description 2 by 2 Punnett square. Columns labeled X superscript uppercase R and Y. Rows labeled X superscript lowercase r and X superscript lowercase r. Top row: X superscript lowercase r X superscript uppercase R, X superscript lowercase r Y. Bottom row: X superscript lowercase r X superscript uppercase R, X superscript lowercase r Y.

Which statement best compares transcription and translation?

A peptide bond is created between amino acids in both transcription and translation.

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is formed in translation but not transcription.

tRNA pairs with complementary mRNA in both transcription and translation.

DNA is transcribed into a complementary strand of mRNA in translation but not transcription.

In which process does RNA polymerase help synthesize mRNA from a DNA template?

transportation

transcription

translation

translocation

Which macromolecule provides the blueprint for living things by storing and transmitting genetic information?

lipid

nucleic acid

protein

carbohydrate

Mutations within an organism can occur in body cells or reproductive cells. Which type of mutation is seen in a sperm cell but not in a skin cell?

missense mutation

nonsense mutation

germline mutation

somatic mutation

Which substance is a compound?

sulfur

phosphorus

oxygen

salt

Which term refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell?

hypertonic

isotonic

hypotonic

equitonic

A Labrador retriever breeder needs to determine if three male pups who were born to Sadie, his black Labrador retriever, are the offspring of Sam, a yellow Labrador retriever from another breeder. Which process could the breeder use to determine if Sam is the father of the pups?

STR analysis

mtDNA analysis

Y-chromosome analysis

PCR analysis

Which statement best describes human eye color?

a polygenic trait that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns

an incompletely dominant trait that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns

an incompletely dominant trait that follows non-Mendelian inheritance patterns

a polygenic trait that follows non-Mendelian inheritance patterns

During which process is ethanol produced?

alcohol fermentation

citric acid cycle

lactic acid fermentation

electron transport chain

Fiona wants to use the scientific method to answer the question “Do oxygen levels in the air affect rates of photosynthesis?” She reads about photosynthesis in her biology book and is ready to carry out the next step. What should she do next?

make observations

design a procedure

perform an experiment

form a hypothesis

Which organisms are prokaryotes?

protists

fungi

plants

archaea

During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid?

glycolysis

acetyl CoA formation

Krebs cycle

electron transport chain

Which statement describes the cap f sub 1 generation of a Mendelian monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents?

Both the dominant and recessive traits are visible in the cap f sub 1 generation.

Only the dominant trait is visible in the cap f sub 1 generation.

Neither the dominant nor recessive trait is visible in the cap f sub 1 generation.

Only the recessive trait is visible in the cap f sub 1 generation.

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