AnswersCrowley Original Credit Chemistry BThe Nucleus

The Nucleus Answers

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The nuclei of most atoms contain multiple protons. Each proton has a positive charge. If objects that have like charges repel each other, why do the protons in the nuclei of most atoms not fly apart?

A
The charges of protons and neutrons cancel each other out.
B
Electrons outside the nucleus push on protons.
C
A strong nuclear force between an atom’s protons and neutrons holds together the atom’s nucleus.
D
Protons experience a more powerful attraction to the negatively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus.
2
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What does a strong nuclear force do in an atom?

A
It repels electrons from other electrons.
B
It repels protons from other protons.
C
It attracts protons and neutrons.
D
It attracts protons and electrons.
3

How many neutrons does the isotope N-14 have?

A
6
B
7
C
8
D
9
4

These statements describe three different reactions. 1 - An atom shares electrons with another atom. 2 - The nucleus of an atom is split apart. 3 - An atom gains an electron from another atom. Which reaction(s) most likely release the greatest amount of energy?

A
1
B
2
C
1 and 3
D
2 and 3
5

Which answer choice best explains why uranium-238 can be used in power plants to generate electricity?

A
Nuclides of uranium-238 decay over time. They release large amounts of energy as their nuclei break apart.
B
Nuclides of uranium-238 are extremely stable. They can absorb large amounts of energy without breaking apart, so they rarely need to be replaced.
C
Because atoms of uranium-238 have many more electrons than protons, they release steady streams of electric current.
D
Because atoms of uranium-238 have many more protons than neutrons, they attract large numbers of electrons from the surrounding environment.
6

Which of the following isotopes have 8 neutrons in the nucleus?

A
O-15
B
O-17
C
C-13
D
C-14
7

How are energy and mass connected during the formation of an atom?

A
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is increased.
B
Energy is released, so the mass is increased.
C
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is reduced.
D
Energy is released, so the mass is reduced.
8

Which answer choice best explains why atoms of carbon-14 (C-14) are unstable?

A
Atoms of C-14 have too many negatively charged electrons and too few positively charged protons.
B
Atoms of C-14 have too many positively charged protons and too few negatively charged electrons.
C
There are 2 more protons than neutrons in the nucleus.
D
There are 2 more neutrons than protons in the nucleus.
9

In reaction A, each sodium atom gives one electron to a chlorine atom. In reaction B, an isotope of oxygen decays to form an isotope of nitrogen. Which statement best describes the energy that is released per gram by these reactions?

A
Reaction A releases more energy than reaction B releases.
B
Reaction B releases more energy than reaction A releases.
C
Reaction A and reaction B release equal amounts of energy.
D
Neither reaction A nor reaction B releases energy.
10

Which force is most responsible for binding together an atom’s protons and neutrons?

A
electrostatic
B
gravitational
C
nuclear
D
magnetic

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