Answers Civics and Citizenship - SS3303 CRUnit Test

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Read this summary of the Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court case.A group of same-sex couples from Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee sued their states over laws that either banned same-sex marriage or refused to recognize same-sex marriages from other states where such marriages were legal. The couples argued that the state laws went against the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. The couples won in trial court, but in 2014, the decisions were reversed in the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, moving the matter to the Supreme Court. Grouping the cases as Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court ruled in a 5–4 decision that the couples were denied their Fourteenth Amendment rights. Although many states already allowed same-sex marriage, the June 26, 2015 decision overturned any remaining state laws that prohibited same-sex unions.

The Supreme Court overturned a court of appeals ruling on constitutional grounds.

The Supreme Court based its majority decision on issues of fairness rather than constitutionality.

The Supreme Court followed the lead of the states that had already legalized same-sex marriage.

The Supreme Court based its decision on public opinion, which was increasingly in favor of same-sex marriage.

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How long is a presidential term?

two years

four years

six years

eight years

In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which amendment did the Supreme Court say state laws violated when they created separate schools for African American students?

First Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

Twenty-Second Amendment

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Which statement describes how the federal and state court systems compare?

Only the state judicial branch has a court of appeals.

Only the federal judicial branch conducts trials.

Both federal and state judges are appointed to lifetime terms.

Both federal and state branches have a Supreme Court and lower courts.

Review the chart comparing the demographics of Congress and the US population..

Women are underrepresented in Congress.

Women are overrepresented in Congress.

Women have equal representation in Congress

Women have the most representation in Congress.

What does the president have the power to do as the commander in chief?

declare war on another country

veto, or reject, a bill passed by Congress

decide how to interact with other countries

use troops to enforce US laws

Read the scenario.Annie has been caught spraying graffiti on a store window in Chicago. The city assigns her case to the Restorative Justice Community Court.

Annie will be released after being told to never repeat her actions.

Annie will be tried in juvenile court and possibly spend time in detention.

Annie will be required to apologize to the shop owner and repair the damage.

Annie will be tried in criminal court and be required to pay a fine if found guilty.

What are the main duties of the vice president?

to replace a president who leaves office and to fill in as needed

to advise the president on foreign policy and to negotiate with foreign countries

to develop military policies and to plan responses to national security

to advise the president and cabinet and to represent the United States in legal matters

How do state constitutions compare to the US Constitution?

Both include a bill of rights.

Both set up state governments.

Only one outlines the branches of government.

Only the US constitution includes reserved powers.

Who rules on a case in a court of appeals?

one judge

nine justices

a panel of three judges

a jury of nine citizens

Which scenario best describes the effects of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

A group of female students are allowed to join their school’s engineering club. Previously, only male students could join the club.

A young student is deaf. She has an interpreter who helps her in class and receives speech therapy as part of her educational plan.

A construction company is building a new hotel. The plans call for all doorways to be wide enough for a wheelchair to fit easily through them.

It is 1964. A restaurant in a southern state abandons its policy of not serving African Americans. Anyone can now sit at the lunch counter and be served.

Read the scenario.Garfield County has one large city, Centerville, and four smaller towns. Seaside and Westport are along the coast. Oakville and Rowan are inland at the edge of the mountains. Seaside’s city council passes a law that no building along the shoreline can be more than two stories high.

It applies only to Seaside.

It applies to the entire state.

It applies to both coastal towns.

It applies to all of Garfield County.

Read the excerpt from the US Constitution.The President . . . shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.–Article II, Section 2, US Constitution

chief diplomat

chief legislator

chief executive

commander in chief

What does it mean that the US Congress is a bicameral legislature?

Congress is the branch of government that interprets the laws.

Congress is made up of three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial.

Congress is divided into two parts—the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Congress is made up of two elected officials from each state.

Read the passage by Mercy Otis Warren, an American who authored plays, poems, and articles. It is presumed the great body of the people unite in sentiment with the writer of these observations. . . . They wish to see the Confederated States bound together by the most indissoluble union, but without renouncing their several sovereignties and independence, and becoming tributaries to a consolidated fabric of aristocratic tyranny.—Mercy Otis Warren, Observations on the new Constitution

She is worried that most people will not support the idea of creating a confederated union of states.

She is worried that the federal government will lessen the power and independence of the states.

She is worried that the states will refuse to band together to create a long-lasting union.

She is worried that the states will band together to overpower the new federal government.

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