Answers24 - 25 CR - Biology B 0411KBFactors Affecting Biological Diversity-Standard Bio 4.4

Factors Affecting Biological Diversity-Standard Bio 4.4 — Unit test Answers

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1
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In a cladogram, when does a group of organisms branch off?

A
when a new trait evolves
B
when an ancestor becomes extinct
C
when it is discovered
D
when it becomes large enough
2
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The frequency of alleles in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

A
changes in each successive generation.
B
is less important than the frequency of genotypes.
C
shows evidence of the process of natural selection.
D
remains the same over several generations.
3

Which best describes biogeographic isolation?

A
It always leads to the formation of new species.
B
It cannot lead to evolution.
C
It is a mechanism for evolution.
D
It occurs only through geographic forces.
4

Biologists once assumed that the phenotype of a dominant allele would always be the most common phenotype in a population. Which finding led biologists to a different conclusion?

A
the discovery that most organisms have pairs of like chromosomes and, therefore, a pair of alleles for many traits
B
the discovery that dominant traits are adaptive and recessive traits help stabilize the population
C
the discovery of populations in which the phenotype of the recessive allele help a population survive
D
the discovery that populations undergo evolution when they are exposed to the process of natural selection
5

A male cardinal’s red color is an example of a trait affected by natural selection. The females of the species choose mates based on the vibrant colors of the males’ feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time?

A
increased variation in the shades of red because there is no advantage in one specific color
B
increased variation in the shades of red because the cardinals try different ways to impress the females
C
decreased variation in the shades of red over time because no form of the trait is advantageous
D
decreased variation in the shades of red after a single generation
6

In 1998, paleoanthropologist Rick Potts, of the Smithsonian Institution, published an article in The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, a peer-reviewed journal. The article was titled “Environmental Hypotheses of Hominin Evolution.” In his paper, Potts provided evidence to support his claim that great variations in environmental conditions over time were responsible for the adaptability of humans and the success of our species. Why might this not be the best article to reference?

A
Potts has no authority.
B
Potts was not objective.
C
The article may not reflect current knowledge.
D
The article was not reviewed by Potts’s peers.
7

A scientist is trying to determine the relationship between clams, snails, and squid. When she generates a molecular clock, she is surprised to see that clams and squid are more closely related than clams and snails. Which did the molecular clock data show?

A
Clams and squid have been evolving separately for a longer time than clams and snails.
B
Clams and squid have been evolving separately for a shorter time than clams and snails.
C
Clams and snails have more in common genetically than clams and squid.
D
Clams and snails are more similar in related structures than clams and squids.
8

Thylacosmilus is a marsupial, and Smilodon is a mammal. Thylacosmilus and Smilodon both have saber teeth, but they do not share an ancestor that had saber teeth. What are saber teeth for these organisms?

A
analogous structures
B
homologous structures
C
vestigial structures
D
mutated structures
9

Consider the two male oryx that are shown below.Which of Charles Darwin’s main points is depicted in the image?

Question illustration
A
Organisms within a population compete with each other to survive.
B
Over time, beneficial variations will be passed on to future generations.
C
More offspring are produced than can be supported by an environment.
D
All organisms within a population have an equal chance for survival.
10

Which feature separates humans from other primates?

A
smaller brain size
B
bipedalism
C
use of tools
D
complex social skills
11

Evolution is change in a population over time and includes the gene pools of that population. How does biogeographic isolation allow for the change of gene pools over time?

A
Biogeographic isolation affects the random changes that take place within gene pools.
B
Biogeographic isolation causes changes in gene pools that result from populations being separated.
C
Biogeographic isolation determines who will win competition for mates.
D
Biogeographic isolation determines the time that populations will breed.
12

A student has written a paper about a deer population that was separated when a canyon developed between members of the group. In her paper, she showed that the two groups adapted differently and can no longer interbreed. What would be the best title for her paper?

A
Speciation by Geographic Isolation
B
Speciation by Reproductive Isolation
C
How Natural Selection Creates Species
D
How Adaptation Creates Species
13

Which of the following best defines a gene pool?

A
the sum of all genetic traits in a population’s individuals at a given time
B
any movement of genes from one population to another
C
any movement of organisms from one environment to another
D
the random change in the frequency of an allele in a population
14

Which type of selection leads to increased phenotypic and genetic variation?

A
directional selection
B
disruptive selection
C
stabilizing selection
D
species selection
15

A biology teacher asks students to give examples of genetic variations that support the idea that changes in a population’s environment affect genetic variation. Which is the least supportive example?

A
changes in genetics in human populations
B
antibiotic resistance in bacteria populations
C
pesticide resistance in garden insects
D
changes in the color of the peppered moth population in England
16

Why are the Miller-Urey experiments essential to the theory of evolution?

A
They showed that life can only come from life.
B
They showed that electricity can create life.
C
They showed how organic molecules could be made from Earth's early atmosphere.
D
They showed the role that natural selection played in the evolution of modern day organisms.
17

In pea plants, purple flower color, C, is dominant to white flower color, c. The table shows the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles in three generations of peas in a garden.Allele Frequency for Flower Color in PeasGenerationpq10.600.4020.640.3630.750.2540.800.20Which generation showed the greatest frequency of having one of each allele?

A
generation 1
B
generation 2
C
generation 3
D
generation 4
18

Which best describes the fossil record?

A
The fossil record cannot provide evidence of evolution.
B
The fossil record provides evidence of a common ancestor to many species.
C
The fossil record provides evidence that disputes the theory of evolution.
D
The fossil record is inaccurate because scientists are not able to date fossils.
19

Which best illustrates a result of natural selection?

A
a bat that is born with a wing that is missing the web
B
dark-colored hares living in a snowy area
C
mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans
D
giraffes having increasingly longer necks over time
20

A bird that preys on moths is introduced to the habitat with moths and trees like the ones shown below. What will most likely happen to the population of moths in this habitat?

Question illustration
A
The population of moths will eventually become extinct.
B
The moths will evolve from dark to light due to a selective pressure.
C
The dark colored moths will experience disruptive selection.
D
The alleles that determine light and dark color in moths will equalize.

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