AnswersPhilosophy The Big PictureUnit 6: The Rise of Modern Western Philosophy

Unit 7: Western Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century Answers

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1
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Which BEST summarizes the difference between Nietzsche’s and Schopenhauer’s idea of the will?

A
Both think that the will is the reason that man exists, but only Schopenhauer thinks that this will can create change.
B
Both believe that the will is powerful, but Schopenhauer thinks that is negative and Nietzsche thinks it is positive.
C
Schopenhauer thinks that the will must be repressed. and Nietzsche believes that only a superman is strong enough to control the will.
D
Nietzsche thought the will was powerful enough to defeat God, and Schopenhauer thought that God was more powerful than the will.
2
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Schopenhauer thought that treating others with compassion was one of the few ways to make the world better.

A
True
B
False
3

The Romantic Era was a response to which event?

A
the revival of ancient Greek culture
B
the calculated nature of arranged marriages
C
a desire to forward education and knowledge
D
the Age of Reason and violence of revolutions
4

Hegel was not the first philosopher to try and resolve conflicting ideas. How does he differ from earlier philosophers, like Thomas Aquinas, who sought to reconcile ideas?

A
Hegel produced new ideas, and Aquinas found common ground.
B
Hegel disproved one idea, and Aquinas accepted both completely.
C
Hegel often ignored ideas that went against him whereas Aquinas included all.
D
Hegel had strict standards for acceptable arguments while Aquinas was open-minded.
5

Why is Schopenhauer’s prioritizing of compassion a bit surprising given his other philosophies?

A
It is not surprising because compassion was only for children.
B
He had a low opinion of human beings, so kindness is unexpected.
C
He only liked art and music, despising all living creatures.
D
He believed that everyone is doomed to cause others to suffer.
6

What did Hegel and Kant have in common?

A
They both were determined to disprove Marxist theory.
B
They both thought that only history could reveal universal truths.
C
They both refused to completely abandon the role of religion in their work.
D
They both believed that perception was an important element in understanding reality.
7

How could Bentham’s greatest good principles be used to justify women’s rights?

A
More rights always equal more happiness.
B
Without rights, no principles can be properly applied.
C
Having rights avoids pain, and women should avoid pain.
D
Society generally has more women than men, so most people will be happy.
8

Kierkegaard felt that it was important to be ethical, but that is not the highest level of his stages of existence. Why not?

A
One does not need to have faith to have ethics, so there is no “leap” there.
B
People are born inherently ethical, so they are just following human nature.
C
Ethics often depend on the situation, so it is never clear what the right thing to do is.
D
So many earlier philosophers had discussed ethics that Kierkegaard needed to do more.
9

According to Hegel’s idea of the dialectic, when two ideas are in opposition, what is the result of this conflict?

A
a victory for the best idea
B
a weakened version of one idea
C
an idea that is better than the first two
D
an opportunity to identify common elements
10

Would Bentham support Nietzsche’s idea of a superman?

A
Yes, Bentham greatly admired revolutionary thinking.
B
No, Bentham did not believe in any difference among people.
C
Yes, Bentham was always looking for innovative philosophies.
D
No, because domination does not bring happiness to the majority.

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