AnswersPhilosophy The Big PictureUnit 6: The Rise of Modern Western Philosophy

Unit 8: Western Philosophy in the 20th Century Answers

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1
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What did Heidegger mean when he said that authenticity was the only way to feel human and not like an object?

A
Following societies rules is the key to a meaningful life.
B
Human feelings only exist when they are centered on meaning.
C
Objects cannot contemplate their humanity, so they do not exist.
D
Authenticity leads to meaning, and that is where humanity exists.
2
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Would a pragmatist argue with Nietzsche’s idea that God is dead?

A
Not if Nietzsche found it to be a useful idea.
B
Yes. They did not see Nietzsche’s philosophy as valid.
C
Yes. If Nietzsche believed it, pragmatists would not.
D
No. Pragmatists believe that the role of God is unimportant.
3

Which BEST explains why Wittgenstein emphasized language in his work?

A
Only humans have language, so it is essential to humanity.
B
Language structures ideas, and therefore the realm of facts.
C
There is no existence without language, so nothing else matters.
D
Not enough philosophers have critically examined the role of language.
4

What would a logical positivist say about the philosophers who questioned the existence of God?

A
God exists in language, therefore God must exist.
B
They were wasting their time because the topic is meaningless.
C
God is a belief that gives many comfort, so the belief does not have to logical.
D
As long as their conclusions could be proven, they would accept the existence of God.
5

What do Socrates and Russell have in common?

A
They were both very concerned with ethical behavior.
B
They both lived in a way that prioritize beliefs over security.
C
They both believed that theories could not be proven in this world.
D
They both questioned the relationship between the individual and the state.
6

Although Russell’s ideas about ethics are not discussed, which is the MOST likely description of his position on human behavior?

A
Power goes to those who take it.
B
People should fight when necessary.
C
Logic should rule all human behavior.
D
Justice and equality are core principles.
7

Bertrand Russell was primarily a mathematician.

A
True
B
False
8

Although Russell and Wittgenstein focused on different philosophical questions, they are both considered analytic philosophers. Why is this the case?

A
Analysis is the method, not the topic, of their study.
B
Everyone from their era is considered an analytic philosopher.
C
They both worked in England, and that was the dominant thought there.
D
They sought to distinguish themselves from the negativity of earlier philosophers.
9

Which explains the relationship between phenomenology and reduction?

A
Reduction is used to refute the role of phenomenology.
B
Phenomenology requires more effort than reductionism.
C
Without reduction, phenomenology would not be possible.
D
Both aim to understand human existence.
10

Imagine that a person was feeling depressed and thought their life was meaningless. Would an existentialist want that person to remain depressed about the meaninglessness of life?

A
Yes, the existentialist would feel that was a wise individual.
B
Yes, the existentialists were notoriously pessimistic and depressed.
C
No, the existentialist would highlight the inherent goodness of man.
D
No, the existentialist would understand but think that the person should find meaning.

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